Previous Verse
Next Verse

Valmiki Ramayana 2.12.56Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 12, Shloka 56

द्वादशः सर्गः — Kaikeyi’s Boons and Dasaratha’s Moral Collapse

Ayodhya Kanda 12

दीनया तु गिरा राजा इति होवाच कैकयीम्।अनर्थमिममर्थाभं केन त्वमुपदर्शिता।।।।भूतोपहतचित्तेव ब्रुवन्ती मां न लज्जसे।

dīnayā tu girā rājā iti hovāca kaikayīm |

anartham imam arthābhaṃ kena tvam upadarśitā ||

bhūtopahatacitteva bruvantī māṃ na lajjase ||

Lalu raja berkata kepada Kaikeyī dengan suara lemah dan merendah: “Siapakah yang menuntunmu mengemukakan malapetaka ini, yang kau sangka sebagai manfaat? Engkau berkata kepadaku seperti orang yang dirasuk makhluk halus—tidakkah engkau berasa malu?”

dīnayāwith humble
dīnayā:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeAdjective
Rootdīnā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Tṛtīyā vibhakti (3rd/तृतीया), Ekavacana (singular); viśeṣaṇa of girā; instrumental: "with humble (speech)"
tubut/indeed
tu:
Sambandha/Discourse particle (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; particle/conjunction (निपात) expressing contrast/emphasis
girāby (his) words
girā:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootgir (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Tṛtīyā (3rd), Ekavacana; instrumental: "by/with speech"
rājāthe king
rājā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootrājan (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga (masc.), Prathamā (1st/प्रथमा), Ekavacana; subject
itithus
iti:
Vākyārtha marker (इति)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; quotative particle (इति-प्रयोग) marking reported speech
haindeed
ha:
Discourse particle (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootha (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; emphatic particle (निपात) often in narration
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (धातु)
FormLiṭ-lakāra (Perfect/लिट्), Prathama puruṣa (3rd person), Ekavacana; parasmaipada; "said"
kaikayīmto Kaikeyi
kaikayīm:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootkaikeyī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Dvitīyā (2nd/द्वितीया), Ekavacana; object of speaking
anarthama calamity
anartham:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootanartha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga (or napuṃsaka usage), Dvitīyā (2nd), Ekavacana; object (what is being shown/urged)
imamthis
imam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootidam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Dvitīyā (2nd), Ekavacana; demonstrative qualifying anartham
artha-ābhamseeming beneficial
artha-ābham:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootartha (प्रातिपदिक) + ābha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapuṃsakaliṅga (neut.), Dvitīyā (2nd), Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa: "artha-ābha" = "appearing as benefit"; qualifies anartham
kenaby whom
kena:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃ/Napuṃ, Tṛtīyā (3rd), Ekavacana; interrogative instrumental: "by whom/wherefrom"
tvamyou
tvam:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootyusmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃ/Strī (context), Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana; subject of upadarśitā/lajjase
upadarśitāhave been prompted/shown
upadarśitā:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootupa-√dṛś (धातु)
FormKṛdanta: Kta (क्त) past passive participle; Strīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; passive sense: "(you) have been shown/instigated"
bhūta-upahata-cittāas if with mind struck by a spirit
bhūta-upahata-cittā:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootbhūta (प्रातिपदिक) + upahata (कृदन्त, क्त) + citta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa chain: "bhūtena upahataṃ cittam yasyāḥ" (sense close to bahuvrīhi, but used adjectivally here); qualifies (tvam)
ivaas if
iva:
Upamā-dyotaka (उपमा)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiva (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; upamā particle (उपमा)
bruvantīspeaking
bruvantī:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण; concomitant)
TypeVerb
Root√brū (धातु)
FormKṛdanta: Śatṛ (शतृ) present active participle; Strīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; "speaking" (concurrent action)
māmme
mām:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormDvitīyā (2nd), Ekavacana; object of bruvantī (speaking to/about me)
nanot
na:
Pratiṣedha (निषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; negation particle (निषेध)
lajjaseare ashamed
lajjase:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√lajj (धातु)
FormLaṭ-lakāra (Present/लट्), Madhyama puruṣa (2nd person), Ekavacana; ātmanepada; "you are ashamed"

The lord of the earth (Dasaratha) became like a man with the mind deranged, like a sick man behaving to the contrary, like a serpent with its energy drained (through mantra).

D
Daśaratha
K
Kaikeyī
B
bhūta (spirit/possessing force)

FAQs

Dharma demands discernment (viveka): actions that look advantageous (artha-ābha) can still be ruinous (anartha). Moral clarity must guide desire and political gain.

Daśaratha, devastated, challenges Kaikeyī’s demand and suspects she has been influenced or misled into harmful counsel.

Daśaratha appeals to lajjā (moral shame/modesty) as a guardian of dharma—an inner check that should prevent cruel or unrighteous speech.

Ask anything about this verse

A free Google sign-in keeps your chat saved across web and the app.

Read Valmiki Ramayana in the Vedapath app

Scan the QR code to open this directly in the app, with audio, word-by-word meanings, and more.

Continue reading in the Vedapath app

Open in App