Shloka 45

Devanagari script

स त्वं धर्मं परित्यज्य रामं राज्येऽभिषिच्य च।सह कौसल्यया नित्यं रन्तुमिच्छसि दुर्मते।।।।

Transliteration

sa tvaṃ dharmaṃ parityajya rāmaṃ rājyebhiṣicya ca |

saha kausalyayā nityaṃ rantum icchasi durmate || 2.12.45 ||

Translation

Wahai orang yang berfikiran jahat, dengan meninggalkan kebenaran dan menabalkan Rama, kamu mahu hidup bahagia selamanya bersama Kausalya!

Word by Word

• सः: that (one)/so
• सः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रथमा (Nominative), एकवचन, पुंलिङ्ग; ‘that/so’ (emphatic)

• त्वम्: you
• त्वम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tvad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रथमा (Nominative), एकवचन

• धर्मम्: righteousness/duty
• धर्मम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dharma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन, पुंलिङ्ग

• परित्यज्य: having abandoned
• परित्यज्य: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pari-tyaj (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्यय (absolutive/gerund), ‘having abandoned’

• रामम्: Rama
• रामम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन, पुंलिङ्ग

• राज्ये: in the kingdom
• राज्ये: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rājya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सप्तमी (Locative), एकवचन, नपुंसकलिङ्ग

• अभिषिच्य: having installed (as king)
• अभिषिच्य: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: abhi-sic (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्यय (absolutive/gerund), ‘having consecrated/installed’

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय

• सह: together with
• सह: Sahakari (सहकारी)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: saha (अव्यय)
• Form: सह-अव्यय (preposition-like indeclinable)

• कौसल्यया: with Kausalya
• कौसल्यया: Sahakarana (सहकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kausalyā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तृतीया (Instrumental), एकवचन, स्त्रीलिङ्ग

• नित्यम्: always
• नित्यम्: Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: nitya (अव्ययवत्)
• Form: काल-अव्यय (adverb)

• रन्तुम्: to enjoy
• रन्तुम्: Prayojana (प्रयोजन)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ram (धातु)
• Form: तुमुन्-प्रत्यय (infinitive), ‘to enjoy/sport’

• इच्छसि: you wish
• इच्छसि: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: iṣ (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), मध्यमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• दुर्मते: O evil-minded one
• दुर्मते: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: durmati (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सम्बोधन (Vocative), एकवचन, स्त्रीलिङ्ग; बहुव्रीहि: दुष्टा मतिः यस्याः

Context

O wickedminded one, deserting righteousness and installing Rama in the kingdom,you want to enjoy life with Kausalya everafter?

Characters & Entities

• Kaikeyī
• Daśaratha
• Rāma
• Kausalyā

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

It frames dharma as impartial governance: Kaikeyī alleges that desire and favoritism would replace righteous, balanced kingship—an ethical warning against partiality in rule.

What is the narrative situation?

Kaikeyī attacks Daśaratha’s motives, claiming he wants Rāma crowned so he can indulge in happiness with Kausalyā.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Impartiality (samatā) is implied as the virtue at stake; the verse highlights how accusations of bias threaten royal legitimacy.