Shloka 50

गुणप्रशंसा–युवराजनिर्णयः

Praise of Rama’s Virtues and the Decision on the Heir-Apparent

Devanagari script

सलब्धमानैर्विनयान्वितैर्नृपैःपुरालयैर्जानपदैश्च मानदैः।उपोपविष्टैर्नृपतिर्वृतो बभौसहस्रचक्षुर्भगवानिवामरैः।।।।

Transliteration

sa labdhamānaiḥ vinayānvitair nṛpaiḥ purālayair jānapadaiś ca mānadaiḥ |

upopaviṣṭair nṛpatir vṛto babhau sahasracakṣur bhagavān ivāmaraiḥ ||

Translation

Dikelilingi raja-raja yang rendah hati dan beradab, yang telah dimuliakan sewajarnya, serta warga kota dan desa yang penuh hormat duduk berdekatan, raja itu bersinar laksana Indra yang suci, bermata seribu, dikelilingi para dewa.

Word by Word

• स: with / possessing
• स: Avyaya (अव्यय-प्रयोग)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sa (अव्यय/उपसर्ग)
• Form: Avyaya, intensifier/particle used with participle (sa- 'with/possessing')

• लब्धमानैः: by those who had obtained honour
• लब्धमानैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: labdha-māna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa: labdha (√labh + क्त) + māna; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural (बहुवचन); qualifies नृपैः

• विनयान्वितैः: endowed with humility
• विनयान्वितैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vinaya-anvita (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa: vinaya + anvita (√i + kta with anu-); Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural (बहुवचन); qualifies नृपैः

• नृपैः: by kings
• नृपैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nṛpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural (बहुवचन)

• पुरालयैः: town-dwelling
• पुरालयैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pura-ālaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa: pura + ālaya ('dwelling in towns'); Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural (बहुवचन); qualifies (nṛpaiḥ)

• जानपदैः: rural / provincial
• जानपदैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: jānapada (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural (बहुवचन); 'from the countryside'

• च: and
• च: Avyaya (अव्यय-प्रयोग)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya, conjunction

• मानदैः: respectful / honouring
• मानदैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mānada (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural (बहुवचन); 'honour-giving/respectful'

• उपोपविष्टैः: seated nearby
• उपोपविष्टैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: upa-upa-viś (धातु) + kta (क्त)
• Form: PPP (क्त) from upa-√viś with reduplicated upa (nearby); Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural (बहुवचन); qualifies (nṛpaiḥ)

• नृपतिः: the king
• नृपतिः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nṛpati (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• वृतः: surrounded
• वृतः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vṛ (धातु) + kta (क्त)
• Form: PPP (क्त) from √vṛ 'to cover/surround'; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); agrees with नृपतिः

• बभौ: shone / appeared splendid
• बभौ: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: bhā (धातु)
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

• सहस्रचक्षुः: the thousand-eyed (Indra)
• सहस्रचक्षुः: Upamāna (उपमान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sahasra-cakṣus (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Bahuvrīhi: 'whose eyes are a thousand' (Indra); Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• भगवान्: the Lord
• भगवान्: Upamāna (उपमान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhagavat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• इव: like
• इव: Upamā (उपमा-सूचक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iva (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya, simile particle

• अमरैः: by the gods
• अमरैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: amara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural (बहुवचन)

Context

Dasaratha, a bull among men, loved all his four sons equally just as the arms of his own body.

Characters & Entities

• Daśaratha
• Indra (Sahasracakṣus)
• kings

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The ideal of harmonious polity: when leaders are humble (vinaya) and society offers respectful cooperation, kingship becomes luminous and dharmic—like Indra supported by the devas.

What is the narrative situation?

The assembly is fully formed: honoured kings and respected citizens from town and countryside sit near Daśaratha, creating a grand, ordered court scene.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Vinaya (modesty) in the powerful and mutual respect between ruler and subjects—virtues that sustain righteous rule.