Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 126

Jyotiṣa-śāstra Saṅgraha: Threefold Division, Gaṇita Methods, Muhūrta, and Planetary Reckoning

Devanagari script

तिथयः शुक्लप्रतिपदो द्विघ्नाः सैका न गाहताः । शेषं बवो बालवश्च कौलवस्तैतिलो गरः ॥ १२६ ॥

Transliteration

tithayaḥ śuklapratipado dvighnāḥ saikā na gāhatāḥ | śeṣaṃ bavo bālavaśca kaulavastaitilo garaḥ || 126 ||

Translation

Bermula dari Pratipadā pada separuh terang (Śukla), tithi-tithi dikatakan ‘Dvi-ghnā’ (menghalang), kecuali satu yang tidak patut dihitung demikian. Bagi selebihnya, karaṇa ialah: Bava, Bālava, Kaulava, Taitila, dan Gara.

Word by Word

• तिथयः: tithis
• तिथयः: कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तिथि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन

• शुक्ल-प्रतिपदः: the bright fortnight’s first tithi (Śukla-pratipadā)
• शुक्ल-प्रतिपदः: सम्बन्ध/अधिकरण (Topic/identification)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शुक्ल (प्रातिपदिक) + प्रतिपद्/प्रतिपदा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन (form used as plural in context though ending resembles sg; intended: शुक्लप्रतिपदाः); ‘bright-fortnight first tithi’

• द्वि-घ्नाः: doubled / multiplied by two
• द्वि-घ्नाः: विशेषण (Adjectival qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: द्वि (प्रातिपदिक) + घ्न (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; ‘two-fold factor’

• स-एकाः: with one added
• स-एकाः: विशेषण (Adjectival qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स (प्रातिपदिक/उपसर्ग-सदृश ‘with’) + एक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; कर्मधारय ‘together with one / plus one’

• न: not
• न: सम्बन्ध (Negation/निषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निषेध

• गाहताः: do not enter/apply
• गाहताः: क्रिया (Verb/action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √गाह् (धातु)
• Form: लट्/लृट्-सम्भाव्य पाठभेद; here taken as लट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; परस्मैपद; meaning ‘enter/penetrate’ used technically ‘do not apply/are not taken’

• शेषम्: the remainder
• शेषम्: कर्म (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शेष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; ‘the remainder’ as object of implied verb (e.g., ‘is/are’)

• बवः: Bava (a karaṇa)
• बवः: कर्ता (Predicate nominative/प्रथमा)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बव (प्रातिपदिक; karaṇa-name)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• बालवः: Bālava (a karaṇa)
• बालवः: कर्ता (Predicate nominative/प्रथमा)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बालव (प्रातिपदिक; karaṇa-name)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• च: and
• च: सम्बन्ध (Conjunction/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयबोधक

• कौलवः: Kaulava (a karaṇa)
• कौलवः: कर्ता (Predicate nominative/प्रथमा)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कौलव (प्रातिपदिक; karaṇa-name)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• तैतिलः: Taitila (a karaṇa)
• तैतिलः: कर्ता (Predicate nominative/प्रथमा)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तैतिल (प्रातिपदिक; karaṇa-name)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• गरः: Gara (a karaṇa)
• गरः: कर्ता (Predicate nominative/प्रथमा)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गर (प्रातिपदिक; karaṇa-name)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

Speaker

Narada (instructing in a technical/ritual-astrological context)

Vrata Kalpa

Vrata: none

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: none

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in Narada Purana?

It emphasizes Dharma through correct ritual timing: aligning vows and rites with proper tithi–karaṇa considerations minimizes obstacles and supports the intended spiritual fruit (phala).

How does this verse explain the path of devotion (Bhakti)?

While not directly teaching bhakti doctrine, it supports bhakti-based observances (vratas, pūjā) by prescribing calendrical precision so devotional acts are performed at suitable times, strengthening steadiness (niyama) in worship.

What practical Vedic knowledge (Vedanga) is highlighted here?

Jyotiṣa Vedāṅga: it references tithis and specific karaṇas (Bava, Bālava, Kaulava, Taitila, Gara) used to judge suitability/obstruction for ritual actions and vows.