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Shloka 30

Adhyaya 8Harishchandra’s Trial: Truth, the Sale of Family, and Bondage to a Chandala

पत्नी उवाच । हा महाराज कस्येदमपध्यानमुपस्थितम् ।

यत् त्वं निपतितो भूमौ राङ्कवास्तरणोचितः ॥

patny uvāca hā mahārāja kasyedam apadhyānam upasthitam | yat tvaṁ nipatito bhūmau rāṅkavāstaraṇocitaḥ ||

Isteri baginda berkata: “Aduhai, wahai raja agung! Nasib malang atau pengaruh jahat apakah yang menimpa tuanku, sehingga tuanku—yang layak beralas selimut dan peraduan—jatuh di atas tanah yang kosong?”

patnīthe wife (queen)
patnī:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootpatnī (पत्नी प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative singular
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (वच् धातु)
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd person singular, Parasmaipada
alas!
:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/utterance)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothā (हा अव्यय)
FormExclamation (विस्मय/शोकसूचक-अव्यय)
mahārājaO great king
mahārāja:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootmahā (महा) + rājan (राजन्)
FormMasculine, Vocative (सम्बोधन/प्रथमा) singular; addressing the king
kasyaof whom/whose
kasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/possessor)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (किम् सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive (षष्ठी) singular; interrogative
idamthis
idam:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootidam (इदम् सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative singular; subject of ‘upasthitam’
apadhyānamill-thought / misfortune / evil contemplation
apadhyānam:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootapadhyāna (अपध्यान प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative singular
upasthitamhas arisen / has come upon
upasthitam:
Kriyā (क्रिया/भाव)
TypeVerb
Rootsthā (स्था धातु) + upa- (उप) + kta (क्त)
FormPast participle (क्त), Neuter nominative singular agreeing with ‘idam apadhyānam’; used predicatively ‘has come/has occurred’
yatsince/that
yat:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/relative connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyad (यद् सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormRelative particle (यत्) introducing cause/explanation; avyaya-like usage
tvamyou
tvam:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootyusmad (युष्मद् सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormSecond person pronoun, Nominative singular
nipatitaḥfallen down
nipatitaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootpat (पत् धातु) + ni- (नि) + kta (क्त)
FormPast participle (क्त), Masculine nominative singular; predicative with ‘tvam’
bhūmauon the ground
bhūmau:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootbhūmi (भूमि प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Locative singular
rāṅkavāstaraṇa-ucitaḥfit only for a deer-skin mat
rāṅkavāstaraṇa-ucitaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootrāṅkava (राङ्कव प्रातिपदिक) + āstaraṇa (आस्तरण प्रातिपदिक) + ucita (उचित प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine nominative singular; compound: ‘fit for a deer-skin bedding’ (राङ्कव-आस्तरणस्य उचितः)
Suratha’s wife speaking (within the Suratha backstory narrated in Devi Mahatmyam’s frame)

{ "primaryRasa": "karuna", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Royal dharma and fall from kingshipHuman suffering and reversal of fortuneCompassionate admonition within household relationsPrelude to spiritual inquiry leading to Devi-upasana

FAQs

The verse highlights the shock of impermanence: worldly status (kingship) can collapse swiftly, and this reversal becomes a catalyst for deeper inquiry. Ethically, it reflects the household voice of dharma—concern for dignity, wellbeing, and the proper station of a ruler—while implicitly pointing to the limits of mere social rank when fate (or unseen causes) turns adverse.

This verse is not directly Sarga/Pratisarga/Vamsha/Manvantara/Vamshanucarita in content; it belongs to narrative-ethical instruction embedded in the Purana’s ‘vamśānucarita’-adjacent storytelling mode (accounts of kings and their experiences), serving as a frame that leads into Devi worship and the theological core of the Devi Mahatmyam.

Symbolically, the ‘king on the ground’ signifies the ego’s dethronement: the collapse of external supports (power, comfort) forces attention inward. In the Devi Mahatmyam’s arc, such dislocation prepares the seeker for śaraṇāgati (taking refuge) in the Goddess, who alone stabilizes dharma and restores inner sovereignty.