Shloka 53

Adhyaya 57 — The Ninefold Divisions of Bharata: Mountains, Rivers, and Peoples

Sanskrit

सरजाश्च करूषाश्च केरलाश्चोत्कलैः सह ।

उत्तमर्णा दशार्णाश्च भोज्याः किष्किन्धकैः सह ॥

Transliteration

sarajāśca karūṣāśca keralāścotkalaiḥ saha / uttamarṇā daśārṇāśca bhojyāḥ kiṣkindhakaiḥ saha

Translation

Kaum Saraja dan Karūṣa; kaum Kerala bersama Utkala; kaum Uttamarṇa dan Daśārṇa; serta kaum Bhojya bersama Kiṣkindhaka.

Word by Word

• sarajāḥ: Sarajas (a people/region)
• sarajāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: saraja (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/coordination)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• karūṣāḥ: Karushas
• karūṣāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: karūṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/coordination)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• keralāḥ: Keralas
• keralāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kerala (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/coordination)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• utkalaiḥ: with the Utkalas
• utkalaiḥ: Sahakāraka (सहकारक/सह)
• Type: Noun
• Root: utkala (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (तृतीया/3), Plural (बहुवचन)

• saha: together with
• saha: Sahārtha (सहार्थ)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: saha (अव्यय)
• Form: Postposition/indeclinable meaning 'with' (सहार्थक अव्यय) governing Instrumental (तृतीया)

• uttamarṇāḥ: Uttamarnas
• uttamarṇāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: uttamarṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन)

• daśārṇāḥ: Dasharnas
• daśārṇāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: daśārṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/coordination)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• bhojyāḥ: Bhojyas
• bhojyāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhojya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन)

• kiṣkindhakaiḥ: with the Kishkindhakas
• kiṣkindhakaiḥ: Sahakāraka (सहकारक/सह)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kiṣkindhaka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (तृतीया/3), Plural (बहुवचन)

• saha: together with
• saha: Sahārtha (सहार्थ)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: saha (अव्यय)
• Form: Postposition/indeclinable meaning 'with' (सहार्थक अव्यय) governing Instrumental (तृतीया)

Speakers

• Not Devī Māhātmya; list of Vindhyan/back-country janapadas.

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Geography
• Janapadas
• Vindhya hinterland

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The catalogue preserves a memory of regional plurality; dharma literature often assumes many localities while proposing overarching norms.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Geographical enumeration is an auxiliary to Purāṇic history and lineage narration (vaṃśānucarita-adjacent).

What is the esoteric significance?

Placing coastal (Kerala) and eastern (Utkala) names alongside central janapadas hints at a ‘network’ imagination rather than a single-axis map.