Shloka 6

Adhyaya 54 — Cosmography of Jambudvipa: Continents, Oceans, Varshas, and Mount Meru

Sanskrit

द्वीपात् तु द्विगुणो द्वीपो जम्बुः प्लक्षोऽथ शाल्मलः ।

कुशः क्रौञ्चस्तथा शाकः पुष्करद्वीप एव च ॥

Transliteration

dvīpāt tu dviguṇo dvīpo jambuḥ plakṣo 'tha śālmalaḥ | kuśaḥ krauñcas tathā śākaḥ puṣkaradvīpa eva ca ||

Translation

Setiap benua (dvīpa) adalah dua kali ganda saiz benua sebelumnya: Jambu, Plakṣa, kemudian Śālmala, Kuśa, Krauñca, Śāka, dan Puṣkara-dvīpa.

Word by Word

• द्वीपात्: from the island
• द्वीपात्: Apadana (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्वीप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति (Ablative/अपादान), एकवचन

• तु: but/indeed
• तु: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle), विरोध/विशेषार्थक

• द्विगुणः: double (in measure)
• द्विगुणः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: द्वि + गुण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/कर्ता), एकवचन; विशेषण

• द्वीपः: (the) island
• द्वीपः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्वीप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• जम्बुः: Jambu (island)
• जम्बुः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जम्बु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; द्वीपनाम

• प्लक्षः: Plakṣa (island)
• प्लक्षः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्लक्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; द्वीपनाम

• अथ: then/next
• अथ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथ (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, अनुक्रम/समुच्चयार्थक (then/next)

• शाल्मलः: Śālmala (island)
• शाल्मलः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शाल्मल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; द्वीपनाम

• कुशः: Kuśa (island)
• कुशः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुश (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; द्वीपनाम

• क्रौञ्चः: Krauñca (island)
• क्रौञ्चः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्रौञ्च (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; द्वीपनाम

• तथा: likewise
• तथा: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, समुच्चय/तुल्यार्थक (likewise/also)

• शाकः: Śāka (island)
• शाकः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शाक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; द्वीपनाम

• पुष्करद्वीपः: Puṣkara-dvīpa (Puṣkara island)
• पुष्करद्वीपः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुष्कर (प्रातिपदिक) + द्वीप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (पुष्करस्य द्वीपः)

• एव: indeed/just
• एव: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, अवधारण (emphasis)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, समुच्चय (conjunction)

Speakers

• Unnamed Purāṇic narrator describing cosmic geography (frame-speakers not explicit in this excerpt)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Cosmology
• Sacred Geography
• Purāṇic World-System

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The verse presents an ordered cosmic structure, encouraging a worldview where the universe is intelligible and patterned—supporting dharma through a sense of cosmic order (ṛta).

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Primarily within 'Sthāna' (cosmic geography/structure) as part of Purāṇic cosmology; secondarily supports 'Sarga' by describing the arranged world-system.

What is the esoteric significance?

The doubling sequence can be read symbolically as progressive expansion from the human-known realm (Jambu) outward into increasingly subtle or vast domains, mapping graded levels of manifestation.