Next Verse

Shloka 1

Adhyaya 54Cosmography of Jambudvipa: Continents, Oceans, Varshas, and Mount Meru

कrauष्टुकिरुवाच ।

कति द्वीपाः समुद्राः वा पर्वताः वा कति द्विज ।

कियन्ति चैव वर्षाणि तेषां नद्यश्च का मुने ॥

krauṣṭukir uvāca |

kati dvīpāḥ samudrā vā parvatā vā kati dvija |

kiyanti caiva varṣāṇi teṣāṃ nadyaś ca kā mune ||

Krauṣṭuki berkata: “Berapa banyak benua, berapa banyak lautan, dan berapa banyak gunung, wahai yang dua kali lahir? Dan berapa banyak wilayah (varṣa), serta apakah sungai-sungainya, wahai resi?”

krauṣṭukiḥKrauṣṭuki (the speaker)
krauṣṭukiḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootkrauṣṭuki (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन (Singular)
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Verbal action)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular), परस्मैपद
katihow many
kati:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootkati (प्रातिपदिक)
Formप्रश्नवाचक-संख्याविशेषण (interrogative numeral), बहुवचन-प्रयोग (used with plural noun)
dvīpāḥcontinents/islands
dvīpāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootdvīpa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), बहुवचन (Plural)
samudrāḥoceans
samudrāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootsamudra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), बहुवचन (Plural)
or
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvā (अव्यय)
Formविकल्पार्थक-निपात (disjunctive particle: 'or')
parvatāḥmountains
parvatāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootparvata (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), बहुवचन (Plural)
or
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvā (अव्यय)
Formविकल्पार्थक-निपात (disjunctive particle: 'or')
katihow many
kati:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootkati (प्रातिपदिक)
Formप्रश्नवाचक-संख्याविशेषण (interrogative numeral), बहुवचन-प्रयोग (used with plural noun)
dvijaO twice-born (brahmin)
dvija:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Address)
TypeNoun
Rootdvija (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-विभक्ति (Vocative), एकवचन (Singular)
kiyantihow many/how much (in number)
kiyanti:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootkiyat (प्रातिपदिक)
Formप्रश्नवाचक-परिमाणविशेषण (interrogative of quantity), नपुंसकलिङ्ग/बहुवचन-समन्वय (agreeing with neuter plural)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-निपात (conjunction: 'and')
evaindeed/just
eva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
Formअवधारणार्थक-निपात (emphatic particle)
varṣāṇiyears/regions (varṣas)
varṣāṇi:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootvarṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Nom./Acc.), बहुवचन (Plural)
teṣāmof them
teṣām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Possessor)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive), बहुवचन (Plural)
nadyaḥrivers
nadyaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootnadī (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), बहुवचन (Plural)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-निपात (conjunction: 'and')
which/what (fem.)
:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootkim (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formप्रश्नवाचक-सर्वनाम (interrogative pronoun), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन (Singular)
muneO sage
mune:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Address)
TypeNoun
Rootmuni (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-विभक्ति (Vocative), एकवचन (Singular)
Krauṣṭuki → Mārkaṇḍeya

{ "primaryRasa": "adbhuta", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

CosmologySacred geographyDialogue/inquiry

FAQs

The Purāṇa models śāstric learning as precise questioning: the student asks for enumerations and names, implying that right understanding begins with clear categories and careful curiosity.

It introduces the cosmographic expansion that supports Sarga (world-structure) and Manvantara (world-order across time), though this verse itself is the prastāvanā (opening inquiry).

Counting dvīpas and mapping rivers can symbolize charting the ‘inner world’—distinct domains of experience and the ‘streams’ (nadīs/flows) through which consciousness moves.