Shloka 16

Chapter 49: Sañjaya’s Enumeration of the Pāṇḍava Coalition (पाण्डवसैन्यसमागम-वर्णनम्)

Devanagari script

शृणु यैहि महाराज पाण्डवा अभ्ययुञज्जत । धृष्टद्युम्नेन वीरेण युद्धे वस्ते5भ्ययुज्जत

Transliteration

śṛṇu yaiḥ mahārāja pāṇḍavā abhyayuñjata | dhṛṣṭadyumnena vīreṇa yuddhe vas te 'bhyayujjata ||

Translation

Sañjaya berkata: “Dengarlah, wahai maharaja, tentang para pahlawan yang menyerbu Pāṇḍava. Dipimpin oleh wira Dhṛṣṭadyumna, mereka mara menentang tuanku dalam peperangan.”

Word by Word

• शृणु: hear; listen
• Type: Verb
• Root: श्रु (धातु)
• Form: लोट् (imperative), 2, singular, परस्मैपदम्

• यैः: by whom/with which (means)
• यैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: masculine/neuter, instrumental, plural

• महाराज: O great king
• Type: Noun
• Root: महाराज (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: masculine, vocative, singular

• पाण्डवाः: the Pandavas
• पाण्डवाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाण्डव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: masculine, nominative, plural

• अभ्ययुञ्जत: they yoked/arrayed/engaged (for battle)
• Type: Verb
• Root: युज् (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (imperfect), 3, plural, परस्मैपदम्

• धृष्टद्युम्नेन: by Dhrishtadyumna
• धृष्टद्युम्नेन: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: धृष्टद्युम्न (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: masculine, instrumental, singular

• वीरेण: by the hero/brave one
• वीरेण: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वीर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: masculine, instrumental, singular

• युद्धे: in battle
• युद्धे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: युद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: neuter, locative, singular

• वः: of you; your
• Type: Noun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: genitive, plural

• ते: they (those men)
• ते: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: masculine, nominative, plural

• अभ्ययुञ्जत: they engaged/arrayed (themselves/forces)
• Type: Verb
• Root: युज् (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (imperfect), 3, plural, परस्मैपदम्

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra
• Pāṇḍavas
• Dhṛṣṭadyumna

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the ethical weight of leadership in war: actions in battle are not random but organized under responsible commanders. Sañjaya frames the conflict as a deliberate engagement led by Dhṛṣṭadyumna, underscoring accountability and the kṣatriya duty to act under command.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya addresses Dhṛtarāṣṭra and begins describing the opposing forces: he tells the king to listen as he names those who advanced to engage the Pāṇḍavas, emphasizing that the assault and battle-movement occurred under the leadership of the warrior Dhṛṣṭadyumna.