Shloka 16

कालनियमः शोकशमनं च

Kāla as Regulator; Pacification of Grief

Devanagari script

विनीतमानमोहश्च बहुसड्भविवर्जित: । तदा55त्मज्योतिष: साधोर्निवाणमुपपद्यते

Transliteration

vinīta-māna-mohaś ca bahu-saṅga-vivarjitaḥ | tadā ātma-jyotiṣaḥ sādhōr nirvāṇam upapadyate ||

Translation

Vaiśampāyana berkata: Apabila seorang suci menjadi rendah hati, dengan kesombongan dan kekeliruan disingkirkan, bebas daripada pelbagai bentuk keterikatan, serta teguh dalam cahaya batin Diri (Ātman)—maka pembebasan (nirvāṇa) datang kepadanya.

Word by Word

• विनीत: subdued, disciplined
• विनीत: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वि-नी (धातु) → विनीत (कृदन्त, क्त)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• मान: pride, self-esteem
• मान: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: मान (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• मोहः: delusion
• मोहः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: मोह (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• बहु: many
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बहु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Plural

• सद्भाव: attachments/conditions of being; states (here: worldly clinging)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सद्भाव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• विवर्जितः: devoid of, free from
• विवर्जितः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वि-वर्ज् (धातु) → विवर्जित (कृदन्त, क्त)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• तदा: then
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तदा

• आत्म: of the self
• Type: Noun
• Root: आत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• ज्योतिषः: of the light (illumination/knowledge)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ज्योतिस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Genitive, Singular

• साधोः: of the sage/holy man
• Type: Noun
• Root: साधु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• निर्वाणम्: liberation, nirvana
• निर्वाणम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: निर्वाण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• उपपद्यते: arises/ensues; is attained
• Type: Verb
• Root: उप-√पद् (धातु) (आत्मनेपद)
• Form: Present, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vaiśampāyana
• sādhu (holy person)
• ātman (Self)
• nirvāṇa (liberation)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Liberation arises from inner purification: humility and discipline (vinīta), the removal of pride (māna) and delusion (moha), freedom from binding attachments (saṅga), and steady establishment in Self-knowledge (ātma-jyotis).

What is happening in the narrative?

Vaiśampāyana continues the Śānti-parvan’s instruction on peace and liberation by summarizing the qualities of a realized person: one who has abandoned ego and confusion, is unattached, and abides in the Self’s light—thereby attaining nirvāṇa.