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Shloka 37

योग–सांख्यसमन्वयः, रथोपमा, व्यक्त–अव्यक्तविवेकः

Yoga–Sāṃkhya Synthesis, Chariot Allegory, and the Vyakta–Avyakta Distinction

सदा ही पर्वोपर विशेष स्नान करते, अपने अंगोंमें चन्दन लगाते और सुन्दर अलंकार धारण करते थे। स्वभावसे ही उपवास और तपमें लगे रहते थे। सबके विश्वासपात्र थे और वेदोंका स्वाध्याय किया करते थे ।। नैनानभ्युदियात्‌ सूर्यो न चाप्यासन्‌ प्रगेशया: । रात्रौ दधि च सक्तूंश्व नित्यमेव व्यवर्जयन्‌,दैत्य कभी प्रात:काल सोये नहीं रहते थे। उनके सोते समय सूर्य नहीं उगते थे; अर्थात्‌ वे सूर्योदयसे पहले ही जाग उठते थे। वे रातमें कभी दही और सत्तू नहीं खाते थे

na enān abhyudiyāt sūryo na cāpy āsan prageśayāḥ | rātrau dadhi ca saktūṁś ca nityam eva vyavarjayan ||

Śakra berkata: “Mereka tidak pernah didapati tidur ketika fajar menyingsing; matahari tidak terbit ke atas mereka ketika mereka masih berbaring—ertinya mereka sentiasa bangun sebelum terbit matahari. Dan pada waktu malam, mereka sentiasa menjauhi dadih dan tepung bijirin panggang (sattu).”

nanot
na:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna
enānthese (them)
enān:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootidam (etad)
Formmasculine, accusative, plural
abhyudiyātshould rise (upon)
abhyudiyāt:
TypeVerb
Rootabhi-ud-√i (eti)
Formoptative, parasmaipada, 3rd person, singular
sūryaḥthe sun
sūryaḥ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootsūrya
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
nanor / not
na:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna
caand
ca:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca
apieven / also
api:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootapi
āsanthey were
āsan:
TypeVerb
Root√as (asti)
Formimperfect, parasmaipada, 3rd person, plural
prageśayāḥlate-sleepers / those who sleep till morning
prageśayāḥ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootprageśaya
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
rātrauat night
rātrau:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootrātri
Formfeminine, locative, singular
dadhicurd
dadhi:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootdadhi
Formneuter, accusative, singular
caand
ca:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca
saktūnparched-grain flour (sattu)
saktūn:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootsaktu
Formmasculine, accusative, plural
caand
ca:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca
nityamalways
nityam:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootnitya
evaindeed / just
eva:
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva
vyavarjayanavoiding / abstaining from
vyavarjayan:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootvi-ava-√vṛj (varjayati)
Formpresent active participle, masculine, nominative, plural

शक्र उवाच

Ś
Śakra (Indra)
S
Sūrya (the Sun)
D
dadhi (curd)
S
saktu (roasted grain flour)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores disciplined daily conduct—rising before sunrise and maintaining dietary restraint—as practical expressions of self-control and austerity. Such regulated habits are portrayed as ethical supports for purity, steadiness of mind, and trustworthiness.

Śakra (Indra) describes the strict regimen of a group being discussed, emphasizing that they did not sleep into sunrise and that they avoided certain foods at night (curd and saktu). The description functions as evidence of their disciplined character.