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Shloka 19

अध्याय २२ — अमर्याद-युद्धवर्णन

Unrestrained Battle Description and Śakuni’s Rear Assault

क्षुब्धस्य हि समुद्रस्य प्रावृटूकाले यथा स्वन: । जैसे वर्षाकालमें विक्षुब्ध हुए समुद्रकी भीषण गर्जना सुनायी देती है, उसी प्रकार उन आक्रमणकारी कौरवोंका घोर एवं भयंकर कोलाहल प्रकट होने लगा ।। समासाद्य रणे ते तु राजानमपराजितम्‌

kṣubdhasya hi samudrasya prāvṛṭkāle yathā svanaḥ | samāsādya raṇe te tu rājānam aparājitam ||

Sañjaya berkata: “Seperti lautan pada musim hujan, apabila bergelora ia mengaum dengan dahsyat, demikianlah juga hiruk-pikuk yang garang dan menggerunkan daripada para Kaurava yang menyerang mula meningkat. Setelah mereka menghampiri raja yang tidak terkalahkan di medan perang…”

क्षुब्धस्यof the agitated
क्षुब्धस्य:
Sambandha
TypeAdjective
Rootक्षुब्ध (√क्षुभ्)
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
समुद्रस्यof the ocean
समुद्रस्य:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootसमुद्र
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
प्रावृट्-कालेin the rainy season
प्रावृट्-काले:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रावृट्-काल
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
यथाas/just as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
स्वनःsound/roar
स्वनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootस्वन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
समासाद्यhaving approached/attacked
समासाद्य:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-आ-√सद्
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral for gerund)
रणेin battle
रणे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरण
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
तेthey/those (men)
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
राजानम्the king
राजानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अपराजितम्unconquered/undefeated
अपराजितम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअपराजित
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
S
samudra (ocean/sea)
K
Kauravas
R
rājā (the king, unnamed here)

Educational Q&A

The verse uses a natural simile to convey how collective aggression and martial frenzy swell into overwhelming force; ethically, it highlights how war amplifies fear and violence, and how leaders and armies can become like uncontrollable natural phenomena when driven by hostility.

Sañjaya describes the Kaurava attackers raising a dreadful uproar like a monsoon-tossed ocean, and then moving in to confront an ‘unconquered’ king on the battlefield, signaling an intensification of the fighting.