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Shloka 25

Kṛpa’s Archery Display; Śikhaṇḍin Checked; Suketu Slain; Dhṛṣṭadyumna–Kṛtavarmā Clash (कृपशौर्य–पार्षतहार्दिक्ययुद्धम्)

ऋषभ दुन्दुभिग्रीवं तीक्षणश्‌द्ढं प्रहारिणम्‌ । वत्स आह्वयसे युद्धे कर्ण पार्थ धनंजयम्‌

ṛṣabha-dundubhi-grīvaṃ tīkṣṇa-śṛṅgaṃ prahāriṇam | vatsa āhvayase yuddhe karṇa pārtha-dhanañjayam ||

Sanjaya berkata: “Wahai Karna, anakku! Engkau mencabar Arjuna—Pārtha, Dhanañjaya—ke medan perang, dia laksana lembu jantan perkasa: suaranya dalam seperti gema gendang dundubhi, bertanduk tajam, dan mahir menghentam.” Nada etika di sebaliknya mengingatkan betapa berbahayanya memprovokasi pahlawan yang telah terbukti kekuatan serta disiplinnya; keangkuhan mudah membawa kepada keterlanjuran dalam arus perang yang memusnahkan.

ऋषभO bull
ऋषभ:
TypeNoun
Rootऋषभ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
दुन्दुभिग्रीवम्having a neck like a drum (deep-throated)
दुन्दुभिग्रीवम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootदुन्दुभिग्रीव
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तीक्ष्णशृङ्गम्sharp-horned
तीक्ष्णशृङ्गम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootतीक्ष्णशृङ्ग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्रहारिणम्one who strikes/attacks
प्रहारिणम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रहारिन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वत्सO child (dear one)
वत्स:
TypeNoun
Rootवत्स
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
आह्वयसेyou challenge/call
आह्वयसे:
TypeVerb
Rootआह्वा
FormPresent, Second, Singular, Atmanepada
युद्धेin battle
युद्धे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootयुद्ध
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
कर्णO Karna
कर्ण:
TypeNoun
Rootकर्ण
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
पार्थम्the son of Pritha (Arjuna)
पार्थम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
धनंजयम्Dhananjaya (Arjuna)
धनंजयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधनंजय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sanjaya
K
Karna
A
Arjuna
P
Pṛthā (Kuntī)
D
Dhanañjaya (epithet of Arjuna)
D
dundubhi (war-drum)
ṛṣabha (bull)

Educational Q&A

The verse functions as a caution: do not underestimate a tested opponent. Ethical restraint and clear-eyed judgment are implied—prideful provocation in war can hasten one’s downfall when directed at a warrior of established prowess.

Sanjaya addresses Karna, remarking that Karna is calling Arjuna to fight. He heightens Arjuna’s stature through a bull-simile—deep-resonant, sharp-horned, and effective in striking—thereby emphasizing the seriousness and danger of the challenge.