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Shloka 18

अध्याय १४६ — निशायां सात्यकिदुर्योधनयुद्धम् / Chapter 146 — Night Battle: Sātyaki and Duryodhana; Śakuni’s Encirclement of Arjuna

तस्य तद्‌ वचन श्रुत्वा सोमदत्तस्य पार्थिव । (सशिर:कम्पमाहेदं नैतदेवं भवेन्नूप । स पूर्वमेव तपसा मामाराध्य जगत्त्रये ।। कस्याप्यवध्यता मत्तः प्राप्तवान्‌ वरमुत्तमम्‌ । तवाप्ययं प्रयासस्तु निष्फलो न भविष्यति ।। तस्य पौत्रं तु समरे त्वत्पुत्रो मोहयिष्यति । न तु मारयितुं शक्‍्य: कृष्णसंरक्षितो हासौ ।। अहमेव तु कृष्णो5स्मि नावयोरन्तरं क्वचित्‌ ।) एवमस्त्विति तत्रोक्त्वा स देवो5न्तरधीयत,राजन! सोमदत्तका यह कथन सुनकर महादेवजीने सिर हिलाकर कहा--'नहीं, ऐसा नहीं हो सकता। नरेश्वर! शिनिके पुत्रने तो पहले ही तपस्याद्वारा मेरी आराधना करके तीनों लोकोंमें किसीसे भी न मारे जानेका उत्तम वर मुझसे प्राप्त कर लिया है; परंतु तुम्हारा भी यह प्रयास निष्फल नहीं होगा। तुम्हारा पुत्र समरभूमिमें शिनिके पौत्रको तुम्हारी इच्छाके अनुसार मूर्च्छित कर देगा, परंतु उसके हाथसे वह मारा नहीं जा सकेगा; क्योंकि श्रीकृष्णसे वह सुरक्षित होगा। मैं ही श्रीकृष्ण हूँ। हम दोनोंमें कहीं कोई अन्तर नहीं है। जाओ, ऐसा ही होगा।' ऐसा कहकर महादेवजी वहीं अन्तर्धान हो गये

sañjaya uvāca |

tasya tad vacanaṁ śrutvā somadattasya pārthiva |

(saśiraḥ-kampam āhedaṁ naitad evaṁ bhaven nṛpa |

sa pūrvam eva tapasā mām ārādhya jagat-traye |

kasyāpy avadhyatā mattaḥ prāptavān varam uttamam |

tavāpy ayaṁ prayāsas tu niṣphalo na bhaviṣyati |

tasya pautraṁ tu samare tvat-putro mohayīṣyati |

a na tu mārayituṁ śakyaḥ kṛṣṇa-saṁrakṣito hy asau |

aham eva tu kṛṣṇo 'smi nāvayor antaraṁ kvacit |)

evam astv iti tatrok tvā sa devo 'ntaradhīyata rājān |

Sañjaya berkata: Mendengar kata-kata Somadatta, Sang Penguasa (Mahādeva) menggelengkan kepala lalu menjawab, “Tidak, wahai raja, hal itu tidak mungkin. Putera Śini dahulu telah memuja aku dengan tapa dan memperoleh daripadaku anugerah tertinggi—kebal dalam tiga alam; tiada sesiapa pun dapat membunuhnya. Namun usahamu tidak akan sia-sia: di medan perang, puteramu akan, seperti yang engkau kehendaki, membuat cucu Śini itu rebah pengsan; tetapi dia tidak akan mampu membunuhnya, kerana dia dilindungi oleh Kṛṣṇa. Sesungguhnya, akulah Kṛṣṇa; tiada perbezaan antara kami pada bila-bila masa.” Setelah berkata, “Biarlah demikian,” dewa itu pun lenyap di situ, wahai raja.

तस्यof him/that
तस्य:
Sambandha
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
वचनम्speech/statement
वचनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवचन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
श्रुत्वाhaving heard
श्रुत्वा:
Kriya-vishesana
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
Formक्त्वा (absolutive), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral), Non-finite
सोमदत्तस्यof Somadatta
सोमदत्तस्य:
Sambandha
TypeNoun (Proper)
Rootसोमदत्त
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
पार्थिवO king
पार्थिव:
Sambodhana
TypeNoun (Vocative title)
Rootपार्थिव
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
सशिरःकम्पम्with (a) shaking of the head
सशिरःकम्पम्:
Kriya-vishesana
TypeAdjective (indeclinable prefix + noun compound used adverbially)
Rootस-शिरस्-कम्प
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आहsaid
आह:
Kriya
TypeVerb
Rootअह्
FormPerfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
इदम्this
इदम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एतत्this (thing)
एतत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
एवम्thus/in this way
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
भवेत्could be/would happen
भवेत्:
Kriya
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormOptative, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
नृपO king
नृप:
Sambodhana
TypeNoun
Rootनृप
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पूर्वम्formerly/earlier
पूर्वम्:
TypeIndeclinable (adverbial accusative)
Rootपूर्व
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
तपसाby austerity
तपसा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
माम्me
माम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormAccusative, Singular
आराध्यhaving propitiated
आराध्य:
Kriya-vishesana
TypeVerb
Rootआ-राध्
Formल्यप् (absolutive), Non-finite, Parasmaipada (usage-neutral)
जगत्in the world
जगत्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootजगत्
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
त्रयेin the three (worlds)
त्रये:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective (numeral)
Rootत्रि
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
कस्यof anyone/of whomsoever
कस्य:
Sambandha
TypePronoun (interrogative/indefinite)
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
अपिeven/also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
अवध्यताinvulnerability (not being killable)
अवध्यता:
Karta
TypeNoun (abstract)
Rootअवध्यता
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
मत्तःfrom me
मत्तः:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormAblative, Singular
प्राप्तवान्has obtained
प्राप्तवान्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-आप्
Formक्तवत् (past active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
वरम्boon
वरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
उत्तमम्excellent/supreme
उत्तमम्:
Visheshana
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्तम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तवof you/your
तव:
Sambandha
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
अपिalso
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
अयम्this
अयम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रयासःeffort
प्रयासः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रयास
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तुbut/however
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
निष्फलःfruitless
निष्फलः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनिष्फल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
भविष्यतिwill be
भविष्यति:
Kriya
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormFuture, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
तस्यof him/of that one
तस्य:
Sambandha
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
पौत्रम्grandson
पौत्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपौत्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तुindeed/but
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
समरेin battle
समरे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसमर
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
त्वत्पुत्रःyour son
त्वत्पुत्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootत्वत्-पुत्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मोहयिष्यतिwill bewilder/stupefy
मोहयिष्यति:
Kriya
TypeVerb
Rootमुह्
FormFuture (causative), 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तुbut
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
मारयितुम्to kill
मारयितुम्:
Karma (of शक्यः)
TypeVerb
Rootमृ
Formतुमुन् (infinitive, causative sense via मारय-), Non-finite
शक्यःpossible/able (to be done)
शक्यः:
Karta
TypeAdjective (verbal adjective)
Rootशक्य
Formयत् (potential participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
कृष्णसंरक्षितःprotected by Krishna
कृष्णसंरक्षितः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकृष्ण-संरक्षित
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
हिfor/indeed
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
असौthat one (he)
असौ:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअसद्/अदस् (pronoun)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormNominative, Singular
एवindeed
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
कृष्णःKrishna
कृष्णः:
Karta
TypeNoun (Proper)
Rootकृष्ण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अस्मिam
अस्मि:
Kriya
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPresent, 1, Singular, Parasmaipada
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
आवयोःbetween/of us two
आवयोः:
Sambandha
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद् (dual base आवाम्)
FormGenitive, Dual
अन्तरम्difference
अन्तरम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअन्तर
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
क्वचित्anywhere/ever
क्वचित्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootक्वचित्
एवम्thus
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
अस्तुlet it be
अस्तु:
Kriya
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormImperative, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
इतिthus (quotative)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
तत्रthere
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
उक्त्वाhaving said
उक्त्वा:
Kriya-vishesana
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive), Non-finite
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
देवःthe god (Mahadeva)
देवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अन्तरधीयत्disappeared/vanished
अन्तरधीयत्:
Kriya
TypeVerb
Rootअन्तर्-धा
FormImperfect, 3, Singular, Atmanepada
राजन्O king
राजन्:
Sambodhana
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
S
Somadatta
M
Mahādeva (Śiva)
Ś
Śini
K
Kṛṣṇa
S
Somadatta’s son (implied: Bhūriśravas)
Ś
Śini’s grandson (implied: Sātyaki)

Educational Q&A

Austerity and devotion can yield binding divine boons that even gods will not overturn; human plans must operate within those limits. At the same time, divine protection (here identified with Kṛṣṇa, and non-different from Śiva) safeguards the devotee, showing that power in war is ultimately subordinate to dharma-shaped divine order.

Somadatta seeks a result against Śini’s line, but Mahādeva refuses the possibility of killing Śini’s grandson because Śini’s son had already obtained an ‘unslayable’ boon. Mahādeva grants a limited outcome instead: Somadatta’s son will make the opponent faint in battle, yet cannot kill him due to Kṛṣṇa’s protection; then Mahādeva declares his identity with Kṛṣṇa and disappears.