Shloka 41

Droṇa’s Rebuke to Duryodhana after Jayadratha’s Fall (द्रोणेन दुर्योधनं प्रति प्रत्युक्तिः)

Devanagari script

तमायान्तमभिप्रेक्ष्य तव पुत्र महामृथे

Transliteration

tam āyāntam abhiprekṣya tava putra mahāmṛdhe

Translation

Sañjaya berkata: Melihat putera tuanku datang menghampiri di tengah pertempuran besar itu, (para pahlawan pun bertindak balas menurut keadaan).

Word by Word

• तम्: him
• तम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• आयान्तम्: coming, approaching
• आयान्तम्: Karma
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-या (धातु: या)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular, शतृ (वर्तमान कृदन्त), Parasmaipada (active participle)

• अभिप्रेक्ष्य: having looked at, seeing
• Type: Verb
• Root: अभि-प्र-ईक्ष् (धातु: ईक्ष्)
• Form: ल्यप् (क्त्वान्त/अव्ययीभाव-रूप), Gerund (having done)

• तव: your
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्
• Form: Genitive, Singular

• पुत्रः: son
• पुत्रः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्र
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• महामृथे: in the great battle
• महामृथे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: महामृध (महामृध्)
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by 'your')
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra's son (Duryodhana implied)
• battlefield (mahāmṛdha)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights how perception on the battlefield—especially the sight of a key leader—can alter morale and decisions. It implicitly points to the ethical burden of leadership: a ruler’s family and status magnify the consequences of choices made in war.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that his son is seen approaching amid a fierce battle. This sets up the next action or reaction of the surrounding warriors as the situation shifts with the arrival of an important figure.