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Shloka 21

भीमसेननादः तथा प्रथमसंमर्दः

Bhīmasena’s Roar and the First Clash

सम्बन्ध-- इस प्रकार जीवन-जअवस्थामें ही तीनों गुणोंसे अतीत होकर मनुष्य अगृतको प्राप्त हो जाता है--इस रहस्ययुक्त बातको युनकर गुणातीत पुरुषके लक्षण, आचरण और गुणातीत बननेके उपाय जाननेकी इच्छासे अर्जुन पूछते हैं अजुन उवाच कैलिंज्रिस्त्रीनु गुणानेतानतीतो भवति प्रभो | किमाचार: कथ॑ चैतांस्त्रीन्‌ गुणानतिवर्तते,अर्जुन बोले--इन तीनों गुणोंसे अतीत पुरुष किन-किन लक्षणोंसे युक्त होता है और किस प्रकारके आचरणोंवाला होता है तथा हे प्रभो! मनुष्य किस उपायसे इन तीनों गुणोंसे अतीत होता है

arjuna uvāca | kaiḥ liṅgaiḥ trīn guṇān etān atīto bhavati prabho | kim-ācāraḥ kathaṁ ca etāṁs trīn guṇān ativartate ||

Arjuna berkata: Wahai Tuhan, dengan tanda-tanda apakah seseorang diketahui telah melampaui tiga guṇa ini? Bagaimanakah tingkah lakunya, dan dengan cara apakah seseorang dapat mengatasi tiga guṇa ini?

अर्जुनःArjuna
अर्जुनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअर्जुन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
कैःby which? / with what?
कैः:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
लिङ्गैःmarks, characteristics
लिङ्गैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootलिङ्ग
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
त्रीन्three
त्रीन्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रि
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
गुणान्qualities (gunas)
गुणान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगुण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
एतान्these
एतान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अतीतःhaving gone beyond, transcended
अतीतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootअति-इ (अतिक्रम्/अति-इ as verbal base) → अतीत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भवतिbecomes / is
भवति:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
प्रभोO Lord / O master
प्रभो:
TypeNoun
Rootप्रभु
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
किम्what?
किम्:
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
आचारःconduct, practice
आचारः:
TypeNoun
Rootआचार
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कथम्how?
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एतान्these
एतान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
त्रीन्three
त्रीन्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रि
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
गुणान्qualities (gunas)
गुणान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगुण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अतिवर्ततेcrosses over, transcends
अतिवर्तते:
TypeVerb
Rootअति-वृत्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada

अजुन उवाच

A
Arjuna
K
Kṛṣṇa (addressed as Prabhu)
T
three guṇas (sattva, rajas, tamas)

Educational Q&A

Arjuna seeks a practical and ethical profile of the guṇātīta—one who has transcended sattva, rajas, and tamas—asking for (1) recognizable characteristics, (2) the person’s manner of conduct, and (3) the method by which such transcendence is attained.

In the midst of Kṛṣṇa’s instruction, Arjuna, having heard that one can go beyond the guṇas even while living, asks Kṛṣṇa to clarify the lived signs and practices of such a liberated person—turning doctrine into observable guidance.