Shloka 20
भीमसेननादः तथा प्रथमसंमर्दः
Bhīmasena’s Roar and the First Clash
गुणानेतानतीत्य त्रीन् देही देहसमुद्धवान् । जन्ममृत्युजरादु:खैरविंमुक्तो5मृतम श्ुते,यह पुरुष शरीरकी उत्पत्तिके कारणरूप इन तीनों गुणोंको उल्लंघन करकेः जन्म, मृत्यु, वृद्धावस्था और सब प्रकारके दु:खोंसे मुक्त हुआ परमानन्दको प्राप्त होता हैः
arjuna uvāca | guṇān etān atītya trīn dehī deha-samudbhavān | janma-mṛtyu-jarā-duḥkhair vimukto 'mṛtam aśnute ||
Arjuna berkata: Apabila diri yang berjasad melampaui tiga guṇa—yang lahir daripada tabiat jasad—ia terbebas daripada kelahiran, kematian, usia tua, dan seluruh beban penderitaan, lalu mencapai keadaan yang tidak mati. Dalam kerangka etika Gītā, ini menunjuk kepada pembebasan batin: seseorang bertindak tanpa dikuasai daya-daya alam yang berubah-ubah, dan dengan itu mencapai kebebasan yang berkekalan, bukan keuntungan sementara.
अजुन उवाच
Educational Q&A
The core teaching is that liberation comes from transcending the three guṇas—sattva, rajas, and tamas—which govern embodied experience. When one is no longer driven by these qualities, one becomes free from the cycle marked by birth, death, aging, and suffering, and attains the ‘deathless’ state (amṛta), i.e., mokṣa.
In the dialogue on the battlefield, Arjuna is questioning the nature of spiritual freedom. Here he articulates (and prompts clarification of) the idea that the embodied self can go beyond the guṇas that arise with bodily existence, and that such transcendence results in release from existential suffering and attainment of immortality.