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Shloka 48

भीष्मस्य जलप्रार्थना — अर्जुनस्य पर्जन्यास्त्रप्रयोगः — दुर्योधनं प्रति सन्ध्युपदेशः

Bhīṣma’s request for water; Arjuna’s Parjanya-astra; counsel to Duryodhana on reconciliation

भीष्मस्य निधनाकाडुश्षी पुरस्कृत्य शिखण्डिनम्‌ । आससाद रणे वीरांस्तावकान्‌ दश भारत,भरतनन्दन! उस रणक्षेत्रमें भीम जिनके साथ युद्ध कर रहे थे, आपके पक्षके उन दस महारथी वीरोंके सामने भीष्मके वधकी इच्छा रखनेवाले अर्जुन भी शिखण्डीको आगे किये आ पहुँचे

bhīṣmasya nidhanākāṅkṣī puraskṛtya śikhaṇḍinam | āsasāda raṇe vīrāṁs tāvakān daśa bhārata bharatanandana ||

Sañjaya berkata: Arjuna, dengan niat melihat Bhīṣma gugur, meletakkan Śikhaṇḍin di hadapan lalu mara dalam pertempuran. Di situ dia berhadapan dengan sepuluh wira pihak tuanku—para juara yang sama yang sedang ditentang Bhīma di medan itu. Adegan ini menegaskan strategi perang yang dibentuk oleh kekangan moral: Arjuna mahu menjatuhkan Bhīṣma dengan menggunakan Śikhaṇḍin untuk mengatasi sumpah Bhīṣma yang enggan menyerang sesiapa yang dianggapnya perempuan.

भीष्मस्यof Bhishma
भीष्मस्य:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
निधनात्from (the act of) killing/death
निधनात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootनिधन
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
उद्युक्तःintent/ready (set upon)
उद्युक्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootउद्युक्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पुरस्कृत्यhaving placed in front / putting forward
पुरस्कृत्य:
Kriya-viseshana
TypeVerb
Rootपुरस्-कृ
FormAbsolutive (Gerund)
शिखण्डिनम्Shikhandin
शिखण्डिनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशिखण्डिन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आससादapproached/attacked
आससाद:
Kriya
TypeVerb
Rootआ-√सद्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular
रणेin battle
रणे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरण
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
वीरान्heroes/warriors
वीरान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवीर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
तावकान्your (belonging to you)
तावकान्:
Visheshana
TypeAdjective
Rootतावक
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
दशten
दश:
Sankhya
TypeIndeclinable
Rootदश
भारतO Bharata
भारत:
Sambodhana
TypeNoun
Rootभारत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
A
Arjuna
B
Bhīṣma
Ś
Śikhaṇḍin
B
Bhīma
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by vocatives Bhārata, Bharatanandana)
B
battlefield (raṇa)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how dharma and personal vows shape battlefield conduct: Bhīṣma’s ethical restraint regarding Śikhaṇḍin becomes a decisive strategic factor, showing that moral commitments can alter the course of war as much as weapons do.

Arjuna advances to face ten Kaurava-side heroes while Bhīma is already engaged with them; Arjuna’s specific aim is Bhīṣma’s fall, and he places Śikhaṇḍin at the front to neutralize Bhīṣma’s resistance and enable the impending takedown.