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Shloka 122

Ahiṃsā as Threefold Restraint (Mind–Speech–Action) and the Ethics of Consumption

दशन्‌ वै मानुषान्नित्यं पापात्मा स विशाम्पते । धान्यकी चोरी करनेवाले मनुष्यके शरीरमें दूसरे जन्ममें बहुत-से रोएँ पैदा होते हैं। प्रजानाथ! जो मानव तिलके चूर्णसे मिश्रित भोजनकी चोरी करता है, वह नेवलेके समान आकारवाला भयानक चूहा होता है तथा वह पापी सदा मनुष्योंको काटा करता है ।।

yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | daśan vai mānuṣān nityaṃ pāpātmā sa viśāṃpate |

Yudhiṣṭhira berkata: “Wahai tuan bagi rakyat, makhluk yang berjiwa berdosa itu—dalam apa jua keadaan ia dilahirkan—sentiasa menggigit manusia.” Dalam ajaran ini (yang dihuraikan dalam pengajaran sekelilingnya), Yudhiṣṭhira menyingkap doktrin etika bahawa kecurian—terutama bahan makanan asas dan keperluan rumah tangga—akan masak menjadi kelahiran semula yang menyakitkan dan menghinakan. Hukuman digambarkan melalui penjelmaan haiwan yang bersifat simbolik: rupa kelahiran mendatang mencerminkan mudarat dan kelicikan perbuatan, dan akibatnya bukan sekadar celaan masyarakat, tetapi perubahan karmika yang menjadikan si pelaku sebagai penyiksa manusia yang berterusan.

दशन्biting
दशन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootदश्
Formशतृ-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमान कृदन्त (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
मानुषान्humans, men
मानुषान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमानुष
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
नित्यंalways
नित्यं:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य
पापात्माa sinful-souled one
पापात्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपापात्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विशाम्of the people
विशाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootविश्
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
पतेO lord
पते:
TypeNoun
Rootपति
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
V
viśāṃpati (addressed king/lord of the people)
H
human beings (mānuṣa)
G
ghee (ghṛta)
F
fish (matsya)
M
meat (māṃsa)
S
salt (lavaṇa)
M
mouse/rat (contextual from gloss)
C
crow (contextual from gloss)

Educational Q&A

The passage underscores karmic moral causality: theft—especially of basic sustenance—produces severe consequences, depicted as degrading rebirths and ongoing suffering. The ethical point is that taking what sustains others violates dharma and returns as a life marked by fear, harm, and loss of human dignity.

Within Anuśāsana Parva’s didactic setting, Yudhiṣṭhira speaks to a kingly figure (‘viśāṃpati’), voicing or eliciting a rule-like statement about a sinner who continually bites humans. The surrounding exposition (as reflected in the provided gloss) elaborates this as a catalogue of thefts and their karmic rebirth-results.