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Shloka 41

Duḥṣantasya Vana-praveśaḥ

King Duḥṣanta’s Entry into the Forest Hunt

त॑ राजसत्तमं प्रीतास्तदा मतिमतां वर | स पितृणां नियोगं तमनतिक्रम्य पार्थिव:

vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca | taṃ rājasattamaṃ prītās tadā matimatāṃ vara | sa pitṝṇāṃ niyogaṃ tam anatikramya pārthivaḥ |

Vaiśaṃpāyana berkata: Wahai yang terbaik antara orang bijaksana, pada waktu itu para Pitṛ (roh leluhur) berkenan terhadap raja yang paling utama itu. Penguasa bumi itu, tanpa melanggar perintah yang dikenakan oleh Pitṛ, pergi ke rimba untuk membunuh binatang-binatang berbahaya; namun didorong nafsu, fikirannya tetap terpaut pada Girikā—permaisurinya, berseri dalam keindahan bagaikan Lakṣmī yang kedua—yang setelah mandi pada musimnya telah menjadi suci dan menyatakan hasrat untuk bersatu dengannya pada waktu yang tepat demi pembuahan. Demikianlah raja digambarkan terbelah antara keinginan suami-isteri dan ketaatan kepada titah leluhur, memilih untuk tidak melanggar perintah Pitṛ walau batinnya merindu.

तत्that (one/thing)
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
राजसत्तमम्the best of kings
राजसत्तमम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootराजसत्तम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्रीताःpleased, delighted
प्रीताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रीत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तदाthen
तदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
मतिमताम्of the wise/learned
मतिमताम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमतिमत्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
वरO best (one)
वर:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पितॄणाम्of the Pitṛs (manes/ancestors)
पितॄणाम्:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
नियोगम्command, injunction
नियोगम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनियोग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तम्that
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अनतिक्रम्यnot transgressing, without violating
अनतिक्रम्य:
Karana
TypeVerb
Rootअति-क्रम्
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral here)
पार्थिवःthe king
पार्थिवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थिव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
J
Janamejaya
V
Vasu (king)
G
Girikā
P
Pitṛs (ancestors)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights dharma as fidelity to rightful injunction: even when personal desire is strong (the king’s longing to be with Girikā at the fertile time), he does not violate the Pitṛs’ command. Ethical emphasis falls on restraint and prioritizing sanctioned duty over immediate gratification.

Vaiśampāyana narrates that the Pitṛs instruct King Vasu to kill dangerous animals. On the same day, Queen Girikā—purified after bathing in her season—signals her wish for union for conception. Vasu, however, does not transgress the ancestral order; he goes to the forest to hunt, though his mind remains absorbed in thoughts of Girikā.