Shloka 27

Adhyāya 123 — Droṇa’s Pedagogy: Arjuna’s Preeminence, Ekalavya’s Self-Training, and the Bhāsa-Lakṣya Trial

Devanagari script

आरिराधयिषुर्देव॑ त्रिदशानां तमीश्वरम्‌ सूर्येण सह धर्मात्मा पर्यतप्पत भारत

Transliteration

ārīrādhayiṣur deva tridāśānāṃ tam īśvaram | sūryeṇa saha dharmātmā paryatappata bhārata ||

Translation

Vaiśampāyana berkata: Dengan hasrat untuk memujuk Tuhan ilahi, Penguasa Tiga Puluh Tiga dewa, insan yang berpegang pada dharma itu—wahai Bhārata—menjalani tapa yang keras bersama Surya, seakan membakar dirinya dengan usaha yang berdisiplin demi meraih perkenan ilahi.

Word by Word

• आरिराधयिषुः: wishing to propitiate
• आरिराधयिषुः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: आरिराधयिषु (इच्छार्थक-प्रातिपदिकम्; धातु: राध्/राधय्)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• देव: O god
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• त्रिदशानाम्: of the thirty (gods)
• त्रिदशानाम्: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्रिदश
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• तम्: him
• तम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• ईश्वरम्: the lord
• ईश्वरम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: ईश्वर
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• सूर्येण: with/through the Sun
• सूर्येण: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: सूर्य
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• सह: together with
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सह

• धर्मात्मा: the righteous-souled one
• धर्मात्मा: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: धर्मात्मन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• पर्यतपत्: performed austerity / was heated (by penance)
• Type: Verb
• Root: परि-तप्
• Form: Imperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular

• भारत: O Bhārata
• Type: Noun
• Root: भारत
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vaiśampāyana
• Tridāśa (the Thirty-three gods)
• Īśvara (the Lord)
• Sūrya
• Bhārata (Janamejaya as addressee)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights tapas guided by dharma: disciplined austerity and devotion are presented as ethical means to seek divine grace, emphasizing inner righteousness (dharmātmā) rather than mere power-seeking.

What is happening in the narrative?

Vaiśampāyana narrates that a righteous figure, intent on pleasing the Lord of the Thirty-three gods, undertakes intense austerities in association with Sūrya, indicating a deliberate act of worship and self-discipline within the unfolding Adi Parva story.