Shloka 23
Vasiṣṭha-gamana
Vasiṣṭha’s Departure / The Episode of Sagara
Devanagari script
नानावादित्रघोषाहतपटहरवाकर्णनध्वस्तधैर्याः सद्यः संत्यक्तराज्यस्वबलपुरपुरन्ध्रीसमूहा विमूढाः / कांबोजास्तालजङ्घाः शकयवनकिरातादयः साकमेते भ्रेमुर्भूर्यस्त्रभीत्या दिशि दिशि रिपवो यस्य पूर्वापराधाः
Transliteration
nānāvāditraghoṣāhatapaṭaharavākarṇanadhvastadhairyāḥ sadyaḥ saṃtyaktarājyasvabalapurapurandhrīsamūhā vimūḍhāḥ / kāṃbojāstālajaṅghāḥ śakayavanakirātādayaḥ sākamete bhremurbhūryastrabhītyā diśi diśi ripavo yasya pūrvāparādhāḥ
Translation
Dihentam gema pelbagai alat muzik perang dan bunyi gendang, keberanian mereka hancur; musuh yang bingung segera meninggalkan negeri, pasukan, kota dan rombongan wanita lalu melarikan diri. Kamboja, Talajanggha, Saka, Yavana, Kirata dan lain-lain—musuh yang punya kesalahan lampau—berkeliaran ke setiap arah kerana takut akan banyak senjata.
Word by Word
nānā-vāditra-ghoṣa-āhata-paṭaha-rava-ākarṇana-dhvasta-dhairyāḥwhose courage was shattered by the loud sounds of instruments and drums
nānā-vāditra-ghoṣa-āhata-paṭaha-rava-ākarṇana-dhvasta-dhairyāḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) of ripavaḥ
TypeAdjective
Rootnānā (अव्यय/प्रातिपदिक) + vāditra (प्रातिपदिक) + ghoṣa (प्रातिपदिक) + āhata (कृदन्त, √han) + paṭaha (प्रातिपदिक) + rava (प्रातिपदिक) + ākarṇana (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक, √kṛ with ā-√kṛṇ?; ‘hearing’) + dhvasta (कृदन्त, √dhvaṃs) + dhairya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural; long tatpuruṣa chain: ‘whose courage was destroyed by hearing the din of various instruments and the sound of beaten drums’
sadyaḥimmediately
sadyaḥ:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsadyaḥ (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; adverb of time (काल-अव्यय)
saṃtyakta-rājya-sva-bala-pura-purandhrī-samūhāḥhaving abandoned their kingdom, own forces, city, and groups of wives
saṃtyakta-rājya-sva-bala-pura-purandhrī-samūhāḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) of ripavaḥ
TypeAdjective
Rootsaṃtyakta (कृदन्त, √tyaj) + rājya (प्रातिपदिक) + sva (प्रातिपदिक) + bala (प्रातिपदिक) + pura (प्रातिपदिक) + purandhrī (प्रातिपदिक) + samūha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural; ‘having abandoned kingdom, own army, city, and groups of wives’
vimūḍhāḥbewildered
vimūḍhāḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) of ripavaḥ
TypeAdjective
Rootvimūḍha (कृदन्त, √muh)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural
kāṃbojāḥKambojas
kāṃbojāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता) (as part of subject-list)
TypeNoun
Rootkāṃboja (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural
tālajaṅghāḥTālajaṅghas
tālajaṅghāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता) (as part of subject-list)
TypeNoun
Roottālajaṅgha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural
śaka-yavana-kirāta-ādayaḥŚakas, Yavanas, Kirātas, and others
śaka-yavana-kirāta-ādayaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता) (as part of subject-list)
TypeNoun
Rootśaka (प्रातिपदिक) + yavana (प्रातिपदिक) + kirāta (प्रातिपदिक) + ādi (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural; इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व with ādayaḥ ‘and others’
sākamtogether
sākam:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsākam (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; adverb ‘together’ (सह-अर्थक)
etethese
ete:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootetad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural; demonstrative pronoun
bhremuḥwandered/ran about
bhremuḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√bhram (धातु)
FormLiṭ-lakāra (Perfect/परोक्षभूत), Parasmaipada, 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural
bhūri-astra-bhītyāfrom fear of many weapons
bhūri-astra-bhītyā:
Hetu (हेतु) / Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootbhūri (प्रातिपदिक) + astra (प्रातिपदिक) + bhīti (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular; ‘due to fear of many weapons’
diśiin a direction
diśi:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootdiś (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular
diśiin (each) direction
diśi:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootdiś (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; repetition for distributive sense
ripavaḥenemies
ripavaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootripu (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural
yasyawhose
yasya:
Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular; relative pronoun referring to Sagara
pūrva-aparādhāḥprevious offenses
pūrva-aparādhāḥ:
Viśeṣya (विशेष्य) in relative clause
TypeNoun
Rootpūrva (प्रातिपदिक) + aparādha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural; ‘former offenses’