Brahma Purana — Shiva on Dharma: Nonviolence, Truthful Speech, Mental Discipline, and the Karmic Causes of Heaven and Longevity, Shloka 39
Devanagari script
उमोवाच महान् मे संशयः कश्चिन् मर्त्यान् प्रति महेश्वर तस्मात् त्वं निपुणेनाद्य मम व्याख्यातुम् अर्हसि //
Translation
Ayat (39) merumuskan bahawa orang yang beriman dan bijaksana hendaklah memelihara disiplin serta Dharma demi mendekati tujuan tertinggi.
Word by Word
umovācaUmā said
umovāca:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootumā (प्रातिपदिक) + uvāca (√vac (धातु), liṭ)
FormSandhi-combination of subject + verb; uvāca: Liṭ lakāra (Perfect), Prathama puruṣa, Ekavacana, parasmaipada; umā = Strīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana (implicit)
mahāngreat
mahān:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootmahat (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; qualifies saṃśayaḥ
memy
me:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormṢaṣṭhī vibhakti (Genitive, 6th), Ekavacana; enclitic
saṃśayaḥdoubt
saṃśayaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsaṃśaya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
kaścitsome
kaścit:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootkaścit (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; indefinite pronoun, qualifies saṃśayaḥ
martyānmortals
martyān:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootmartya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Bahuvacana
pratitowards / regarding
prati:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootprati (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; upasarga/karma-pravacanīya in sense ‘towards/with regard to’ governing accusative
maheśvaraO Maheśvara
maheśvara:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootmaheśvara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Sambodhana, Ekavacana
tasmāttherefore
tasmāt:
Hetu (हेतु)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormAblative-form used adverbially; Pañcamī (Ablative, 5th), Ekavacana; hetu-artha (therefore/from that reason)
tvamyou
tvam:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootyusmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPrathamā, Ekavacana
nipuṇenaskillfully
nipuṇena:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeAdjective
Rootnipuṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga (or Napuṃ), Tṛtīyā, Ekavacana; karaṇa-bhāva: ‘with skill/skillfully’
adyatoday/now
adya:
Kāla (काल)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootadya (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; kāla-avyaya (today/now)
mamato me / my
mama:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormṢaṣṭhī, Ekavacana
vyākhyātumto explain
vyākhyātum:
Prayojana (प्रयोजन)
TypeVerb
Rootvi-ā-√khyā (धातु) + tumun (कृदन्त)
FormTumunanta (infinitive)
arhasiyou ought / are fit
arhasi:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√arh (धातु)
FormLaṭ lakāra (Present), Madhyama puruṣa (2nd person), Ekavacana; parasmaipada
Speaker
Umā speaking to Śiva