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Shloka 31

Kāliya-damana: Kṛṣṇa Subdues the Serpent and Purifies the Yamunā

कृष्णस्य गर्भजगतोऽतिभरावसन्नं पार्ष्णिप्रहारपरिरुग्नफणातपत्रम् । द‍ृष्ट्वाहिमाद्यमुपसेदुरमुष्य पत्‍न्य आर्ता: श्लथद्वसनभूषणकेशबन्धा: ॥ ३१ ॥

kṛṣṇasya garbha-jagato ’ti-bharāvasannaṁ pārṣṇi-prahāra-parirugna-phaṇātapatram dṛṣṭvāhim ādyam upasedur amuṣya patnya ārtāḥ ślathad-vasana-bhūṣaṇa-keśa-bandhāḥ

Apabila isteri-isteri Kaliya melihat bagaimana ular itu menjadi begitu letih akibat beban berat Sri Krishna, yang membawa seluruh alam semesta di dalam perut-Nya, dan bagaimana tudung Kaliya yang seperti payung telah hancur akibat hentakan tumit Krishna, mereka berasa sangat sedih. Dengan pakaian, hiasan, dan rambut yang tidak terurus, mereka kemudian mendekati Keperibadian Tuhan Yang Kekal.

कृष्णस्यof Kṛṣṇa
कृष्णस्य:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootkṛṣṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Genitive Singular
गर्भ-जगतःof the one who holds the universe within (him)
गर्भ-जगतः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootgarbha + jagat (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Genitive Singular; ‘of the universe within (his) womb’ i.e., ‘of him who contains the universe’ (epithet)
अति-भर-अवसन्नम्weighed down by excessive burden
अति-भर-अवसन्नम्:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootati + bhara + ava-sad (धातु)
FormKta-प्रत्ययान्त (क्त), Neuter Accusative Singular; ‘sunk down due to excessive weight’ (qualifying phaṇātapatram)
पार्ष्णि-प्रहार-परिरुग्न-फण-आतपत्रम्the hood-canopy broken by heel-blows
पार्ष्णि-प्रहार-परिरुग्न-फण-आतपत्रम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootpārṣṇi + prahāra + pari-rugna + phaṇa + ātapatra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative Singular; ‘the canopy of hoods shattered by heel-strikes’ (object of dṛṣṭvā)
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
Kriya-visheṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeVerb
Rootdṛś (धातु)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त), ‘having seen’
अहिम्the serpent
अहिम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootahi (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative Singular; ‘serpent’
आद्यम्chief
आद्यम्:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootādya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative Singular; ‘first/prime’ (qualifying ahim)
उपसेदुःthey approached
उपसेदुः:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootupa-sad (धातु)
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd person, Plural; ‘approached’
अमुष्यof that one (the serpent)
अमुष्य:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootadas (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive Singular; demonstrative ‘of that (one)’
पत्नीःthe wives
पत्नीः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootpatnī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative Plural; ‘wives’
आर्ताःdistressed
आर्ताः:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootārta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative Plural; ‘distressed’ (qualifying patnīḥ)
श्लथत्-वसन-भूषण-केश-बन्धाःwith loosened clothes, ornaments, and hair-braids
श्लथत्-वसन-भूषण-केश-बन्धाः:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootślathat + vasana + bhūṣaṇa + keśa + bandha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative Plural; बहुव्रीहि: ‘whose garments, ornaments, and hair-knots were loosened’

According to Śrīla Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura, Kāliya’s wives had been disgusted with their husband because of his demoniac activities. They had been thinking, “If this atheist is killed by the punishment of the Supreme Personality of Godhead, then let him be killed. We will become widows and engage in the worship of the Supreme Lord.” But then the ladies noticed Kāliya’s facial expression and other bodily features, and they understood that Kāliya had indeed taken shelter of the Lord within his mind. Seeing that he was manifesting symptoms of humility, remorse, regret and doubt, they thought, “Just see how fortunate we are! Our husband has now become a Vaiṣṇava. Therefore we must now endeavor to protect him.” They felt affection for their repentant husband and severe distress because of his miserable position, and thus all together they went into the presence of the Supreme Lord.

K
Kṛṣṇa
K
Kāliya
K
Kāliya's wives (Nāga-patnīs)

FAQs

This verse says that after seeing Kāliya crushed and his hoods broken by Kṛṣṇa’s heel-strikes, Kāliya’s wives—distressed and disheveled—approached the Lord, indicating surrender and seeking mercy.

Because they recognized Kṛṣṇa as the supreme controller and the only refuge; seeing their husband overwhelmed, they approached the Lord in surrender to beg for compassion and protection.

When overwhelmed by consequences or fear, take shelter of the Divine through prayer, humility, and corrective action—approaching God not with excuses, but with sincere surrender and readiness to change.