Skanda Purana — Kashi Khanda, Shloka 30

Devanagari script

अग्रतः पृष्ठतः शंखैर्वाद्यमानैः प्रमोदितः । जयविष्णो हृषीकेश गोविंद मधुसूदन

Transliteration

agrataḥ pṛṣṭhataḥ śaṃkhairvādyamānaiḥ pramoditaḥ | jayaviṣṇo hṛṣīkeśa goviṃda madhusūdana

Translation

समोरून व मागून शंखनाद होत असल्याने ते आनंदित झाले; आणि सर्वांनी घोष केला—“जय विष्णु! हे हृषीकेश, गोविंद, मधुसूदन!”

Word by Word

• agrataḥ: in front
• agrataḥ: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (Adverbial modifier)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: agrataḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb): ‘in front/ahead’

• pṛṣṭhataḥ: behind
• pṛṣṭhataḥ: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (Adverbial modifier)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: pṛṣṭhataḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb): ‘behind/from the back’

• śaṃkhaiḥ: with conches
• śaṃkhaiḥ: Karaṇa (Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śaṃkha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental), बहुवचन

• vādyamānaiḥ: being played/sounded
• vādyamānaiḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (Qualifier of śaṃkhaiḥ)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √vad (धातु) + vādyamāna (कृदन्त)
• Form: वर्तमानकाले कर्मणि/भावे शानच्-प्रत्ययान्त (present passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; ‘being sounded/played’

• pramoditaḥ: delighted
• pramoditaḥ: Kriyā (Predicate/State of subject)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra- + √mud (धातु) ; pramodita (कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; ‘delighted’

• jaya: victory (to you)!
• jaya: Sambodhana (Exclamatory address)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: jaya (अव्यय/उद्गार)
• Form: अव्यय (exclamation/benediction): ‘victory!’

• viṣṇo: O Viṣṇu
• viṣṇo: Sambodhana (Address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: viṣṇu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-विभक्ति (Vocative), एकवचन

• hṛṣīkeśa: O Hṛṣīkeśa
• hṛṣīkeśa: Sambodhana (Address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: hṛṣīkeśa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• goviṃda: O Govinda
• goviṃda: Sambodhana (Address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: govinda (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• madhusūdana: O Madhusūdana
• madhusūdana: Sambodhana (Address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: madhusūdana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-विभक्ति, एकवचन

Speaker

Narrator (Skanda, deduced); the acclamation is by Vaiṣṇavas/devotees

Characters & Entities

• Viṣṇu
• Hṛṣīkeśa
• Govinda
• Madhusūdana
• conch (śaṅkha)

FAQs

What is the primary spiritual lesson of this shloka?

Bhakti is expressed through communal praise—sacred sound (śaṅkha, nāma) becomes a vehicle of joy and sanctification.

Which specific holy site (Tirtha) is glorified here?

The celebration occurs in the Kāśī context around Vaiṣṇava worship (linked to Ādikeśava in the surrounding verses).

What ritualistic prescription is mentioned?

Devotional acclamation and auspicious conch-sounding as part of worship/processional honor.