Rig Veda 5.60.5: Mandala 5, Sukta 60, Mantra 5

Sukta 5.60

Rishi: Śyāvāśva Ātreya (traditional attribution for RV 5.60–5.61 within the Śyāvāśva hymns of Mandala 5)

Devata: Maruts (with Rudra and Pṛśni as their divine parents in the verse’s frame)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable for RV 5.60; verse length and cadence align, though exact pada-scansion should be confirmed against a pada-count source)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

अज्येष्ठासो अकनिष्ठास एते सं भ्रातरो वावृधुः सौभगाय । युवा पिता स्वपा रुद्र एषां सुदुघा पृश्निः सुदिना मरुद्भ्यः ॥

Transliteration

ajyeṣṭhāso akaniṣṭhāsa ete saṃ bhrātaro vāvṛdhuḥ saubhagāya | yuvā pitā svapā rudra eṣāṃ sudughā pṛśniḥ sudinā marudbhyaḥ ||

Translation

हे (मरुत) ना ‘ज्येष्ठ’ ना ‘कनिष्ठ’; बंधूंप्रमाणे सौभाग्यवृद्धीसाठी ते एकत्र वाढले आहेत. यांचा पिता सदा-युवा—स्वपाः (स्वयंसिद्ध कार्यशक्ती असलेला) रुद्र; यांची माता पृश्नि सुदुघा (समृद्ध देणारी)—मरुतांसाठी सुदिन (शुभ प्रकाशमान दिवस) आणणारी.

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Word by Word

• अज्येष्ठासः: not the eldest (yet)
• अज्येष्ठासः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ज्येष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक) < ज्यै (धातु, ‘to be strong/older’)

• अकनिष्ठासः: not the youngest (either)
• अकनिष्ठासः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कनिष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक) < कनिष्/कनिष्ठ (comparative base ‘youngest’)

• एते: these
• एते: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• सम्: together, in union
• सम्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सम् (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• भ्रातरः: brothers
• भ्रातरः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: भ्रातृ (प्रातिपदिक)

• वावृधुः: have grown / have increased
• वावृधुः: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: वृध् (धातु ‘to grow/increase’), reduplicated perfect stem वावृध्

• सौभगाय: for good fortune
• सौभगाय: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: सौभग (प्रातिपदिक) < सु- + भग (‘good fortune’)

• युवा: young
• युवा: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: युवन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• पिता: father
• पिता: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ (प्रातिपदिक)

• स्वपाः: skilful / of good workmanship
• स्वपाः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्वपा (प्रातिपदिक; बहुव्रीहि/कर्मधारय ‘good-worker, of good craft’) < सु- + पा/प (to work/shape; traditional epithet)

• रुद्रः: Rudra
• रुद्रः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: रुद्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• एषाम्: of these / of them
• एषाम्: —
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• सुदुघा: well-yielding (in milk)
• सुदुघा: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सुदुघा (प्रातिपदिक; ‘well-milking’) < सु- + दुह् (धातु ‘to milk’)

• पृश्निः: Pṛśni (the speckled mother)
• पृश्निः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: पृश्नि (प्रातिपदिक; name/epithet of the Maruts’ mother, ‘speckled one’)

• सुदिना: with good days / by good season
• सुदिना: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुदिन (प्रातिपदिक) < सु- + दिन (‘good day’, ‘good time/season’)

• मरुद्भ्यः: for the Maruts
• मरुद्भ्यः: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: मरुत् (प्रातिपदिक)