Rig Veda 10.111.2: Mandala 10, Sukta 111, Mantra 2

Sukta 10.111

Devata: Indra (vṛṣabha; associated epithet Gāṛṣṭeya)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; requires pada-count verification)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

ऋतस्य हि सदसो धीतिरद्यौत्सं गार्ष्टेयो वृषभो गोभिरानट् । उदतिष्ठत्तविषेणा रवेण महान्ति चित्सं विव्याचा रजांसि ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 10.111.2

Transliteration

ṛtásya hí sádaso dhītír ádyaut sáṃ gāṛṣṭeyó vṛṣabhó góbhir ānaṭ | úd atiṣṭhat taviṣéṇā ráveṇa mahā́nti cit sáṃ vivyāca rájāṃsi ||

Translation

ऋताच्या सत्य-आसनात स्थित धीत (प्रेरित विचार) आज उजळून निघाली; गार्ष्टेय वृषभाने गो-रश्मींनी गर्जना केली. तो बलाने व नादाने उभा राहिला; आणि महान् रजांसि—विस्तीर्ण लोक-अवकाश—यांनाही पसरवून वेगळे केले, ज्योतीच्या गतीसाठी मार्ग व अवकाश निर्माण केला.

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Word by Word

• ऋतस्य: of ṛta (cosmic order)
• ऋतस्य: सम्बन्ध (genitive relation) / अधिकरण-सम्बन्धः (with सदसः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋत (प्रातिपदिक) < √ऋ (गतौ/ऋ- ‘to go, to fit’; semantic ‘cosmic order, truth’)

• हि: indeed, for
• हि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (निपात)

• सदसः: of the seat/assembly
• सदसः: सम्बन्ध (with धीतिः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सदस् (प्रातिपदिक) < √सद् (सीदति) ‘to sit’ → ‘assembly, seat, session’

• धीतिः: thought, insight, hymn-thought
• धीतिः: कर्तृ/विषय (subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धीति (प्रातिपदिक) < √धी (धी- ‘to think, to perceive’)

• अद्य: today, now
• अद्य: अधिकरण (काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अद्य (अव्यय)

• औत्सम्: spring-born / from the source (epithet)
• औत्सम्: कर्म (qualifying object वृृषभम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: औत्स (विशेषण-प्रातिपदिक; ‘उत्स-सम्बद्ध’ < उत्स ‘spring, source’)

• गा॑र्ष्टेयः: Gārṣṭeya (a patronymic/descendant of Gārṣṭi)
• गा॑र्ष्टेयः: कर्तृ (agent; apposition to वृृषभः)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: गा॑र्ष्टेय (विशेषण/नाम; patronymic from गार्ष्टि/गृष्टि; ‘of Gārṣṭi/descendant’)

• वृषभः: the bull (strong one)
• वृषभः: कर्तृ (agent of आनट्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृषभ (प्रातिपदिक) < √वृष् ‘to rain, to be strong’ → ‘bull’

• गोभिः: with cows / with rays (as means)
• गोभिः: करण (instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गो (प्रातिपदिक) ‘cow; ray; cattle’

• आनट्: roared, sounded forth
• आनट्: क्रिया (of the subject वृषभः)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √नट्/नद् (Vedic: ‘to sound, roar’; perfect/aorist-like injunctive usage) with preverb आ-

• उद्: up, forth
• उद्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उद् (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• अतिष्ठत्: stood up, arose
• अतिष्ठत्: क्रिया (same agent as prior clause, implicit)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √स्था ‘to stand’ (with उद्)

• तविषेण: with might, by strength
• तविषेण: करण (instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तविष (प्रातिपदिक) ‘strength, might’

• रवेण: with a roar
• रवेण: करण (instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रव (प्रातिपदिक) ‘roar, sound’

• महान्ति: great
• महान्ति: कर्म-विशेषण (qualifier of object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महन्त् (विशेषण-प्रातिपदिक) ‘great’

• चित्: even, indeed
• चित्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: चित् (निपात)

• सम्: together, completely
• सम्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सम् (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• विव्याच: spread out, extended
• विव्याच: क्रिया (agent implicit: the bull/subject)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √व्यच्/विच् (Vedic: ‘to extend, spread, pervade’) with preverb वि-; reduplicated perfect

• रजांसि: the regions/spaces
• रजांसि: कर्म (object of विव्याच)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रजस् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘space, region; dust; atmosphere’