Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 82, Shloka 10

इन्द्रजित्-हनूमद्-युद्धं तथा निकुम्भिलायां होमः

Indrajit vs Hanuman; Indrajit’s Nikumbhila rite

Devanagari script

तामापतन्तींदृष्टवैवरथस्सारथिनातदा ।विधेयाश्वसमायुक्तोविदूरमपवाहितः ।।।।

Transliteration

tām āpatantīṃ dṛṣṭvaiva rathaḥ sārathinā tadā |

vidheyāśvasamāyukto vidūram apavāhitaḥ ||

Translation

ती (धावून येणारी शिळा/अस्त्र) येताना दिसताच, आज्ञाधारक अश्वांनी युक्त रथ सारथ्याने तत्क्षणी फार दूर हाकून नेला.

Word by Word

• ताम्: her/that (rock)
• ताम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (कर्म), एकवचन; demonstrative pronoun (that/her)

• आपतन्तीम्: falling/descending
• आपतन्तीम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आपत् (धातु) + शतृ (कृदन्त)
• Form: वर्तमान-कृदन्त (शतृ), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; active present participle qualifying ताम्

• दृष्ट्वा: having seen
• दृष्ट्वा: Hetu/पूर्वकर्म (cause/preceding action)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: दृश् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (absolutive/gerund): having seen

• इव: as if
• इव: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव (अव्यय)
• Form: उपमा-अव्यय (particle of comparison)

• रथः: the chariot
• रथः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• सारथिना: by the charioteer
• सारथिना: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सारथि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (करण/सह), एकवचन; instrumental: by the charioteer

• तदा: then
• तदा: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तदा (अव्यय)
• Form: काल-अव्यय (temporal adverb)

• विधेयाश्वसमायुक्तः: yoked with obedient horses
• विधेयाश्वसमायुक्तः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विधेय (प्रातिपदिक) + अश्व (प्रातिपदिक) + सम्-युज् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: समास: विधेयाश्वैः समायुक्तः (तृतीया-तत्पुरुष); क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past passive participle) used adjectivally; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; qualifying रथः

• विदूरम्: far away
• विदूरम्: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: विदूर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: क्रियाविशेषणरूपेण नपुंसकलिङ्ग-द्वितीया-एकवचन (adverbial accusative): far away

• अपवाहितः: was driven away
• अपवाहितः: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अप-वाह् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; finite sense: was driven away/was carried off (passive nuance)

Context

Then seeing that rock coming towards the chariot yoked to obedient horses, the chariot rider drove it to a long distance.

Characters & Entities

• Chariot (ratha)
• Charioteer (sārathi)
• Horses (aśva)
• Indrajit (contextual)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Skill and alertness in battle are portrayed as practical disciplines; dharma in war includes vigilance and competent action, though the broader episode critiques deception as a motive.

What is the narrative situation?

A hurled rock/missile rushes toward the chariot; the charioteer reacts instantly and steers away to safety.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Presence of mind and agility (kṣipratā) in a crisis.