Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 31, Shloka 19

Devanagari script

सन्निविष्टस्समुद्रस्यपीड्यतीरमथोत्तरम् ।बलेनमहतारामोव्रजत्यस्तंदिवाकरे ।।।।

Transliteration

sanniviṣṭaḥ samudrasya pīḍya tīram athottaram | balena mahatā rāmo vrajaty astaṃ divākare ||

Translation

मग सूर्य अस्ताला गेल्यावर महाबली श्रीरामांनी आपल्या विशाल सेनेसह समुद्राच्या उत्तरेकाठी छावणी केली; तीरावर दडपण ठेवून आक्रमणास सज्ज होऊन तेथे थांबले।

Word by Word

• sanniviṣṭaḥ: encamped
• sanniviṣṭaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sam-ni-viś (धातु)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; past participle (क्त): ‘encamped/settled’

• samudrasya: of the sea
• samudrasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: samudra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī (Genitive/6th), Ekavacana

• pīḍya: having pressed/assailed
• pīḍya: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pīḍ (धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (ल्यप्): ‘having pressed/assailed’

• tīram: shore
• tīram: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tīra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napुंसakaliṅga, Dvitīyā (Accusative/2nd), Ekavacana

• atha: then
• atha: Nipāta (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: atha (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; discourse particle ‘then/and’

• uttaram: northern
• uttaram: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: uttara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napुंसakaliṅga, Dvitīyā (Accusative/2nd), Ekavacana; adjective qualifying tīram

• balena: with an army
• balena: Sahakāraka (सहकारक)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bala (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napुंसakaliṅga, Tṛtīyā (Instrumental/3rd), Ekavacana

• mahatā: great
• mahatā: Sahakāraka (सहकारक)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mahat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napुंसakaliṅga, Tṛtīyā (Instrumental/3rd), Ekavacana; qualifying balena

• rāmaḥ: Rāma
• rāmaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā (Nominative/1st), Ekavacana

• vrajati: goes
• vrajati: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vraj (धातु)
• Form: Laṭ-lakāra (Present), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Ekavacana; parasmaipada

• astam: to setting (west)
• astam: Gati/Karma (गति/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā (Accusative/2nd), Ekavacana; ‘setting (place)’

• divākare: when the sun
• divākare: Kāla (काल)
• Type: Noun
• Root: divākara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Saptamī (Locative/7th), Ekavacana; locative absolute sense ‘when the sun (is setting)’

Context

And when the Sun moved towards the west, Rama encamped on the northern shore of the sea with a huge army to strike.

Characters & Entities

• Rāvaṇa
• Rāma
• Ocean
• Northern shore

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma includes disciplined action: righteous aims pursued with order, restraint, and preparedness rather than chaos. The encampment at sunset reflects strategic self-control.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāvaṇa narrates Rāma’s positioning at the seashore, describing a decisive military posture before the crossing to Laṅkā.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rāma’s steadiness and strategic patience (waiting, encamping, preparing) are emphasized.