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Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 52

The Characteristics of Devotion to Hari

अहो कष्टमहो कष्टमहोकष्टमिदं वपुः । विनश्वरं समाज्ञाय धर्मं नैवाचरत्ययम् ॥ ५२ ॥

aho kaṣṭamaho kaṣṭamahokaṣṭamidaṃ vapuḥ | vinaśvaraṃ samājñāya dharmaṃ naivācaratyayam || 52 ||

अहो, किती कष्टदायक—किती कष्टदायक हे शरीर! नश्वर आहे हे जाणूनही मनुष्य धर्माचरण करत नाही.

अहोalas! oh!
अहो:
सम्बन्ध (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअहो (अव्यय)
Formविस्मयादि-निपात (exclamatory particle)
कष्टम्misery, hardship
कष्टम्:
सम्बन्ध (उद्गार/Exclamation)
TypeNoun
Rootकष्ट (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; used as exclamation
अहोalas!
अहो:
सम्बन्ध (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअहो (अव्यय)
Formविस्मयादि-निपात (exclamatory particle)
कष्टम्hardship
कष्टम्:
सम्बन्ध (उद्गार)
TypeNoun
Rootकष्ट (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; exclamatory
अहोalas!
अहो:
सम्बन्ध (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअहो (अव्यय)
Formविस्मयादि-निपात
कष्टम्misery
कष्टम्:
सम्बन्ध (उद्गार)
TypeNoun
Rootकष्ट (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; exclamatory
इदम्this
इदम्:
विशेषण (Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; demonstrative pronoun used adjectivally
वपुःbody
वपुः:
कर्ता (Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootवपुस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; Nominative singular
विनश्वरम्perishable
विनश्वरम्:
कर्म (Object)
TypeAdjective
Rootविनश्वर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन; Accusative singular (agreeing with वपुः as object of knowing)
समाज्ञायhaving understood
समाज्ञाय:
पूर्वकाल-क्रिया (Prior action)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम्-आ-√ज्ञा (धातु) → समाज्ञाय (कृदन्त, ल्यप्/absolutive)
Formक्त्वान्त/ल्यपन्त-अव्यय (gerund/absolutive): ‘having known’
धर्मम्dharma, righteousness
धर्मम्:
कर्म (Object)
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन; Accusative singular
not
:
सम्बन्ध (निषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-निपात (negation particle)
एवat all/indeed
एव:
सम्बन्ध (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (emphasis)
आचरतिpractices, follows
आचरति:
क्रिया (Verb/Action)
TypeVerb
Rootआ-√चर् (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; he practices
अयम्this person
अयम्:
कर्ता (Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootअयम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; Nominative singular

Sanatkumara (in instruction to Narada)

Vrata: none

Primary Rasa: karuna

Secondary Rasa: shanta

FAQs

It stresses vairāgya (dispassion): once the body is known to be temporary, the wise response is to live by dharma, using human life for inner purification and liberation rather than neglect.

By highlighting the body’s perishability, it redirects effort toward lasting spiritual practice—dharma culminates in steady devotion to Vishnu, which does not perish with the body.

No specific Vedāṅga (like Vyākaraṇa or Jyotiṣa) is taught in this verse; the practical takeaway is ethical discipline—regular dharmic conduct (ācāra) as the foundation for all scriptural learning and sādhanā.