Shloka 42

Adhyaya 53 — Rudrasarga and the Measure of the Manvantaras: Svayambhuva Manu, Priyavrata’s Line, and the Seven Dvipas

Sanskrit

तस्मिन् राज्यं समावेश्य भरतोऽपि वनं ययौ ।

एतेषां पुत्रपौत्रैस्तु सप्तद्वीपा वसुन्धरा ॥

Transliteration

tasmin rājyaṃ samāveśya bharato 'pi vanaṃ yayau |

eteṣāṃ putra-pautrais tu saptadvīpā vasundharā ||

Translation

त्याला राज्यावर बसवून भरतही वनात गेला. आणि या (राजांच्या) पुत्र-पौत्रांनी सात द्वीपांसह पृथ्वीचा उपभोग व राज्यकारभार केला.

Word by Word

• तस्मिन्: in him/therein
• तस्मिन्: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसक, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (अधिकरण), एकवचन; pronoun, Locative, Singular

• राज्यम्: kingdom
• राज्यम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राज्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; neuter, Accusative, Singular

• समावेश्य: having installed/entrusted
• समावेश्य: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्-आ-विश् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (अव्ययभाव/gerund), पूर्वक्रिया; absolutive (having entrusted/installed/placed)

• भरतः: Bharata
• भरतः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भरत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अपि: also
• अपि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle), समुच्चय; particle (also)

• वनम्: to the forest
• वनम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; neuter, Accusative, Singular

• ययौ: went
• ययौ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: या (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (परिपूर्णभूत/Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद; Perfect, 3rd person, Singular

• एतेषाम्: of these
• एतेषाम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसक, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; pronoun, Genitive, Plural

• पुत्रपौत्रैः: by sons and grandsons
• पुत्रपौत्रैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्र-पौत्र (प्रातिपदिक; components: पुत्र + पौत्र)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (करण/सह), बहुवचन; masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• तु: indeed/but
• तु: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle)

• सप्तद्वीपा: having seven continents
• सप्तद्वीपा: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सप्त-द्वीप (प्रातिपदिक; components: सप्त + द्वीप)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; feminine, Nominative, Singular (qualifying वसुन्धरा)

• वसुन्धरा: the earth
• वसुन्धरा: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वसुन्धरा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; feminine, Nominative, Singular

Speakers

• Narrator (Mārkaṇḍeya)

Key Themes

• Dharma of life-stages (āśrama)
• Renunciation (vānaprastha/saṃnyāsa motif)
• Cosmic kingship
• Seven-dvīpa geography

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

A model of righteous transition: one should secure orderly succession and then detach—showing that power is a trust to be handed on, not a possession to cling to.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Vaṃśānucarita with cosmographic linkage: dynastic continuity is presented as the mechanism by which the ‘seven-dvīpa’ world-order is administered.

What is the esoteric significance?

The move from throne to forest symbolizes the inward journey: sovereignty over ‘seven dvīpas’ mirrors mastery over the many ‘regions’ of the self, culminating in withdrawal (nivṛtti).