Shloka 71

Adhyaya 49 — Primordial Human Creation, the Rise of Desire, and the Origins of Settlements, Measures, and Agriculture

Sanskrit

प्रियङ्गुसप्तमा ह्येते अष्टमास्तु कुलत्थकाः ।

श्यामाकास्त्वथ नीवारा यत्तिला सगवेधुकाः ॥

Transliteration

priyaṅgusaptamā hy ete aṣṭamās tu kulatthakāḥ | śyāmākās tv atha nīvārā yattilā sagavedhukāḥ ||

Translation

त्यांत प्रियंगू सातवा आणि कुलत्थ आठवा स्मरणात आहे; तसेच श्यामाक, नीवार, यत्-तीळ आणि गवेदुकही आहेत.

Word by Word

• priyaṅgu-saptamāḥ: (those) with priyaṅgu as the seventh
• priyaṅgu-saptamāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: priyaṅgu (प्रातिपदिक) + saptama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन); तत्पुरुषः—‘प्रियङ्गुः सप्तमः’ (priyaṅgu as the seventh)

• hi: indeed
• hi: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: hi (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात)

• ete: these
• ete: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: etad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन); demonstrative pronoun

• aṣṭamāḥ: the eighth
• aṣṭamāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: aṣṭama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन); ordinal adjective

• tu: but/indeed
• tu: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात), contrast/emphasis

• kulatthakāḥ: horse-gram
• kulatthakāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kulatthaka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन)

• śyāmākāḥ: śyāmāka (a millet)
• śyāmākāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śyāmāka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन)

• tu: and/but
• tu: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात)

• atha: then/next
• atha: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: atha (अव्यय)
• Form: Sequential particle (अनन्तरबोधक अव्यय)

• nīvārāḥ: wild rice (nīvāra)
• nīvārāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nīvāra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन)

• yattilāḥ: yattila (a kind of sesame/seed)
• yattilāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yattila (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन)

• sa-gavedhukāḥ: together with gavedhuka (a kind of grain)
• sa-gavedhukāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sa- (उपसर्ग/सह) + gavedhuka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन); अव्ययीभावः—‘सह गवेधुकैः’ (together with gavedhuka)

Speakers

• Not specified in input

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Food taxonomy
• Minor grains and resilience foods
• Wild rice (nīvāra)

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The Purāṇa values ‘minor’ grains and wild staples too—an implicit ethic of resilience and inclusivity in sustenance, not dependence on only a few crops.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Sarga-style enumeration; it becomes dharma-supporting knowledge because food diversity sustains yajña, hospitality, and social continuity.

What is the esoteric significance?

Wild rice (nīvāra) symbolizes the ‘uncultivated merit’ that can still nourish—inner resources that arise without deliberate ‘ploughing’.