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Shloka 105

Adhyaya 32: Saṃjaya’s Return, Audience with Dhṛtarāṣṭra, and Ethical Admonition

जानाति विश्वासयितुं मनुष्यान्‌ विज्ञातदोषेषु दधाति दण्डम्‌ | जानाति मात्रां च तथा क्षमां च त॑ तादृशं श्रीर्जुषते समग्रा,जो मनुष्योंमें विश्वास उत्पन्न करना जानता है, जिनका अपराध प्रमाणित हो गया है उन्हींको जो दण्ड देता है, जो दण्ड देनेकी न्यूनाधिक मात्रा तथा क्षमाका उपयोग जानता है, उस राजाकी सेवामें सम्पूर्ण सम्पत्ति चली आती है

jānāti viśvāsayituṁ manuṣyān vijñātadoṣeṣu dadhāti daṇḍam | jānāti mātrāṁ ca tathā kṣamāṁ ca taṁ tādṛśaṁ śrīr juṣate samagrā ||

जो लोकांमध्ये विश्वास निर्माण करतो, ज्यांचा अपराध सिद्ध झाला आहे त्यांनाच दंड देतो, दंडाची योग्य मात्रा आणि योग्य वेळी क्षमा—हे जाणतो; अशा राजाकडे संपूर्ण समृद्धी आपोआप येते.

जानातिknows
जानाति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा (जानाति)
FormLat, Present, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
विश्वासयितुम्to inspire trust / to make (them) trust
विश्वासयितुम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootविश्वासय् (causative of √श्वस्/√वस् in sense 'to trust')
FormTumun (infinitive), Causative
मनुष्यान्people / men
मनुष्यान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमनुष्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
विज्ञातदोषेषुamong those whose fault is ascertained
विज्ञातदोषेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootविज्ञात-दोष
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural
दधातिimposes / places
दधाति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootधा (दधाति)
FormLat, Present, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
दण्डम्punishment
दण्डम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
जानातिknows
जानाति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा (जानाति)
FormLat, Present, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
मात्राम्measure / proper degree
मात्राम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमात्रा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तथाlikewise / also
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
क्षमाम्forbearance / pardon
क्षमाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootक्षमा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तत्that (one)
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तादृशम्such (a one)
तादृशम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootतादृश
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
श्रीःfortune / prosperity
श्रीः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootश्री
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
जुषतेattends / serves / resorts to
जुषते:
TypeVerb
Rootजुष् (जुषते)
FormLat, Present, 3, Singular, Atmanepada
समग्राentire / complete
समग्रा:
TypeAdjective
Rootसमग्र
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura
K
king (rājā)
Ś
Śrī (prosperity/fortune)

Educational Q&A

Good governance rests on three skills: building public trust, punishing only when guilt is proven, and calibrating justice with proportion and mercy. Prosperity follows a ruler who balances daṇḍa (discipline) with kṣamā (clemency).

In Vidura’s counsel during the Udyoga Parva, he outlines qualities of an ideal ruler for a tense political moment: legitimacy through trust, fairness through evidence-based punishment, and stability through measured severity tempered by forgiveness.