Sutra 3

Devanagari script

शिक्षा कल्पो व्याकरणं निरुक्तं छन्दोविचितिर्ज्योतिषमिति चाङ्गानि ॥ कZ_०१.३.०३ ॥

Transliteration

śikṣā kalpo vyākaraṇaṃ niruktaṃ chandovicitir jyotiṣam iti cāṅgāni

Translation

शिक्षा, कल्प, व्याकरण, निरुक्त, छंदोविचिति आणि ज्योतिष—ही वेदांची अंगे (वेदाङ्गे) आहेत.

Word by Word

शिक्षाphonetics; the discipline of correct pronunciation (śikṣā)

कल्पःritual procedure; the discipline of kalpa

व्याकरणम्grammar (vyākaraṇa)

निरुक्तम्etymology/lexicography (nirukta)

छन्दः-विचितिःmetrics/prosody; analysis of metres (chandas-viciti)

ज्योतिषम्astronomy/astrology (jyotiṣa)

इतिthus; ‘so’ (marking the end of an enumeration)

चand

अङ्गानिlimbs/auxiliaries (i.e., the Vedāṅgas)

FAQs

What is the strategic objective (Artha) of this verse?

To specify the auxiliary knowledge base that underpins disciplined learning and precise communication, enabling reliable instruction, interpretation, and execution of state directives.

How does this apply to modern governance?

It parallels the need for administrative literacy: clear language standards (grammar/semantics), codified procedures (kalpa), and robust time-reckoning systems (calendrics) that reduce ambiguity, errors, and compliance failures in public administration.

What is the specific duty of the ruler/official mentioned?

No specific official is named; the implied duty is that the ruler and trained officials must master or institutionalize these supporting disciplines to ensure accurate policy drafting, interpretation, training, and implementation.