Sutra 9

Devanagari script

यदि वा मन्येत प्रवर्षोष्णशीतमतिव्याधिप्रायमुपक्षीणाहारोपभोगं सैन्यव्यायामानां चाउपरोधिकं कार्यसाधनानामूनमतिरिक्तं वा कालं परश्चेष्टिष्यते विपरीतमहमित्येतस्मिन्विशेषे परिपणितकालं संधिमुपेयात् ॥ कZ_०७.६.०९ ॥

Transliteration

yadi vā manyeta pravarṣoṣṇaśītam ativyādhiprāyam upakṣīṇāhāropabhogaṃ sainyavyāyāmānāṃ cāuparodhikaṃ kāryasādhanānām ūnam atiriktaṃ vā kālaṃ paraś ceṣṭiṣyate viparītam aham ity etasmin viśeṣe paripaṇitakālaṃ saṃdhim upeyāt

Translation

किंवा जर त्याला असे वाटले की शत्रूला अतिवृष्टी, अतिउष्णता किंवा अतिथंडीच्या काळात; तीव्र रोगप्रादुर्भावाच्या काळात; अन्न‑साठा/उपभोग्य सामग्री कमी झालेली असताना; आणि सैन्याच्या व्यायाम‑सरावाला अडथळा आणणाऱ्या परिस्थितीत काम करावे लागेल—आणि आपण मात्र याच्या उलट (अधिक अनुकूल) काळात कार्य करू—तर या विशेष फायद्यावर काल/अवधी ठरवून केलेला संधी‑करार करावा।

Word by Word

• यदि: if
• Type: Particle
• Root: यद्
• Form: conditional particle (nipāta)

• वा: or
• Type: Particle
• Root: वा
• Form: disjunctive particle

• मन्येत: should think / should consider
• Type: Verb
• Root: मन् (मन्यते)
• Form: 3rd person singular, optative (vidhi-liṅ), ātmanepada, parasmaipada? (class 4/10 usage: man- ‘to think’), present-system; ‘he should think/consider’

• प्रवर्ष: rainy season
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृष्
• Form: stem: प्रवर्ष-; in compound; denotes rainy season

• उष्ण: heat / hot season
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उष्ण
• Form: stem: उष्ण-; in compound; ‘hot (season/condition)’

• शीत: cold / cold season
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शीत
• Form: stem: शीत-; in compound; ‘cold (season/condition)’

• अति: excessive / very much
• Type: Prefix/Particle
• Root: अति
• Form: upasarga/avyaya used as intensifier in compound

• व्याधि: disease
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्याधि
• Form: stem: व्याधि-; in compound

• प्रायम्: mostly / predominantly
• Type: Adjective/Noun
• Root: प्राय
• Form: accusative singular neuter (as adverbial: ‘mostly/for the most part’); in compound

• उपक्षीण: depleted / reduced
• Type: Participle
• Root: क्षि (क्षीयते) + उप
• Form: past passive participle (kṛdanta), ‘diminished/waned’; in compound

• आहार: food / provisions
• Type: Noun
• Root: आहार
• Form: stem: आहार-; in dvandva compound

• उपभोगम्: enjoyment / consumption / use (of comforts)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उपभोग
• Form: accusative singular masculine; member of dvandva ‘āhāra-upabhoga’

• सैन्य: army / military
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: सैन्य
• Form: stem: सैन्य-; ‘of the army’; in compound

• व्यायामानाम्: of exercises / drills
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्यायाम
• Form: genitive plural masculine; ‘of (military) exercises/drills’

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: conjunction

• औपरोधिकम्: obstructive / causing hindrance
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उपरोध
• Form: accusative singular neuter; derived adjective (taddhita) meaning ‘causing obstruction/impediment; obstructive’

• कार्य: task / undertaking
• Type: Noun
• Root: कृ
• Form: stem: कार्य-; ‘task/operation’; in compound

• साधनानाम्: of means / resources / instruments
• Type: Noun
• Root: साधन
• Form: genitive plural neuter; ‘of means/instruments (for accomplishing tasks)’

• ऊनम्: insufficient / less (than needed)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ऊन
• Form: accusative singular neuter; predicative with कालम् (understood/coming)

• अतिरिक्तम्: excess / more (than needed)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अतिरिक्त
• Form: accusative singular neuter; predicative with कालम् (understood/coming)

• वा: or
• Type: Particle
• Root: वा
• Form: disjunctive particle

• कालम्: time / season / period
• Type: Noun
• Root: काल
• Form: accusative singular masculine; object of ‘pariccheṣṭiṣyate’ (will strive for) / related to ‘paripaṇita-kāla’

• परः: the other (party) / the enemy
• Type: Pronoun/Adjective
• Root: पर
• Form: nominative singular masculine; subject ‘the other (party/enemy)’

• चेष्टिष्यते: will act / will make efforts / will attempt
• Type: Verb
• Root: चेष्ट् (चेष्टते)
• Form: 3rd person singular, simple future (luṭ), ātmanepada

• विपरीतम्: the opposite / contrary (to this)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विपरीत
• Form: accusative singular neuter; predicative/object complement (what is contrary)

• अहम्: I
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्
• Form: nominative singular; ‘I’ (i.e., ‘I will…’) in quoted thought

• इति: thus
• Type: Particle
• Root: इति
• Form: quotative particle

• एतस्मिन्: in this
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: locative singular neuter/masculine; ‘in this’

• विशेषे: in the special case / in this distinction
• Type: Noun
• Root: विशेष
• Form: locative singular masculine; ‘in this particular case/special circumstance’

• परिपणित: stipulated / agreed upon
• Type: Participle/Adjective
• Root: पण् + परि
• Form: past passive participle used adjectivally; ‘stipulated/contracted/settled’; in compound with kāla

• कालम्: time-limit / term
• Type: Noun
• Root: काल
• Form: accusative singular masculine; ‘stipulated time/term’

• सन्धिम्: treaty / peace / alliance-compact
• Type: Noun
• Root: सन्धि
• Form: accusative singular masculine; object of ‘upeyāt’

• उपेयात्: should enter into / should resort to
• Type: Verb
• Root: इ (एति) + उप
• Form: 3rd person singular, optative (vidhi-liṅ), parasmaipada; ‘should enter into/should resort to’

Entities Mentioned

• ally/partner (paraḥ)
• army (sainya)

More Details

FAQs

What is the purpose of a time-stipulated treaty in 7.6.09?

To allocate the costly operational period (bad weather, disease season, scarcity) to the other party and preserve one’s own forces for a favorable window.

What modern concept does this resemble?

Risk-shifting and burden allocation in coalition operations—assigning high-attrition phases to partners while retaining one’s own readiness.