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Agni Purana — Yoga & Brahma-vidya, Shloka 51

अध्याय ३८० — गीतासारः

The Essence of the Gītā

अधिष्ठानं तथा कर्ता करणञ्च पृथग्विधम् त्रिविधाश् च पृथक् चेष्टा दैवञ्चैवात्र पञ्चमं

adhiṣṭhānaṃ tathā kartā karaṇañca pṛthagvidham trividhāś ca pṛthak ceṣṭā daivañcaivātra pañcamaṃ

येथे पाच (कारक) आहेत—अधिष्ठान (कर्माचा आधार), कर्ता, विविध प्रकारची करणे (उपकरणे), त्रिविध भिन्न चेष्टा (क्रिया), आणि पाचवे—दैव (दैवी/भाग्यतत्त्व)।

adhiṣṭhānamthe basis / locus
adhiṣṭhānam:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject; item in enumeration)
TypeNoun
Rootadhiṣṭhāna (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), Prathamā (Nominative, 1st), Ekavacana
tathāand also / likewise
tathā:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottathā (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; samuccaya/krama-bodhaka (connector: 'and/also/likewise')
kartāthe doer / agent
kartā:
Karta (कर्ता; item in enumeration)
TypeNoun
Rootkartṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
karaṇaminstrument / means
karaṇam:
Karaṇa (करण; instrument—item in enumeration)
TypeNoun
Rootkaraṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुंसकलिङ्ग, Prathamā, Ekavacana
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; samuccaya (conjunction)
pṛthak-vidhamof various/separate kinds
pṛthak-vidham:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootpṛthak (अव्यय) + vidha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुंसकलिङ्ग, Dvitīyā (Accusative, 2nd), Ekavacana; avyayībhāva (pṛthak = separately) used adjectivally qualifying 'karaṇam'
tri-vidhāḥthreefold
tri-vidhāḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Roottri (संख्या/प्रातिपदिक) + vidha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana; dvigu (threefold) qualifying implied plural items
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; samuccaya (conjunction)
pṛthakseparately
pṛthak:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootpṛthak (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (adverb)
ceṣṭāactivity / effort
ceṣṭā:
Karta (कर्ता; item in enumeration)
TypeNoun
Rootceṣṭā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga (Feminine), Prathamā, Ekavacana
daivamfate / divine factor
daivam:
Karta (कर्ता; item in enumeration)
TypeNoun
Rootdaiva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुंसकलिङ्ग, Prathamā, Ekavacana
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; samuccaya (conjunction)
evaindeed
eva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; avadhāraṇa (emphasis/particle)
atrahere (in this context)
atra:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Locative)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootatra (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; deśa-adhikaraṇa (locative adverb)
pañcamamthe fifth
pañcamam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootpañcama (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुंसकलिङ्ग, Prathamā/Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; ordinal adjective agreeing with 'daivam' (as the fifth)

Lord Agni (instructing sage Vasiṣṭha, consistent with Agni Purana’s dialogue frame)

Vidya Category: {"primary_vidya":"Philosophy","secondary_vidya":"Samanya","practical_application":"Causal analysis of any undertaking: check the five factors—base/context, agent, tools, effort pattern, and uncontrollable/divine element—to plan responsibly without fatalism.","sutra_style":true}

Encyclopedic Reference: {"reference_type":"Definition","entry_title":"Pañca kāraṇāni (Five factors of action)","lookup_keywords":["adhiṣṭhāna","kartā","karaṇa","ceṣṭā","daiva"],"quick_summary":"Every action depends on five constituents: locus, agent, instruments, effort/activity, and the divine factor. This framework balances personal responsibility with recognition of conditions beyond control."}

Concept: Karma-causation model: action is multi-factorial, not reducible to a single doer or fate alone.

Application: In governance, ritual, craft, or daily work: ensure proper place/resources (adhiṣṭhāna), competent agent, adequate tools, disciplined effort, and contingency planning for daiva.

Khanda Section: Moksha-shastra / Karma-yoga (Gita-style doctrinal summary within Agni Purana)

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Visual Art Cues: {"scene_description":"A schematic showing five pillars supporting an act: a platform (locus), a person (agent), tools, a threefold motion/effort motif, and a subtle celestial emblem for daiva.","kerala_mural_prompt":"Kerala mural, five symbolic icons arranged as a mandala—earthy base for adhiṣṭhāna, human figure for kartā, implements for karaṇa, three swirling strokes for ceṣṭā, small celestial disc for daiva—bold outlines, didactic clarity","tanjore_prompt":"Tanjore style with gold leaf, five-panel composition like a temple prabhavali: each panel depicts one factor (locus, agent, instruments, effort, divine), ornate borders, luminous finish","mysore_prompt":"Mysore painting, instructional diagram aesthetic, labeled icons with neat Sanskrit captions, calm hermitage classroom, emphasis on clarity and proportion","mughal_miniature_prompt":"Mughal miniature, scholar presenting a folio with five illustrated vignettes to a patron, fine brushwork, architectural interior, subtle celestial motif for daiva"}

Audio Atmosphere: {"recitation_mood":"instructional","suggested_raga":"Kalyani","pace":"medium","voice_tone":"instructional"}

Sandhi Resolution Notes: karaṇañca = karaṇam ca; pṛthagvidham = pṛthak-vidham; trividhāś ca = tri-vidhāḥ ca; pṛthak ceṣṭā = pṛthak ceṣṭā; daivañcaiva = daivam ca eva; caivātra = ca eva atra.

Related Themes: Agni Purana 380.50; Agni Purana 380.52; Agni Purana 380.53

D
Daiva (providence/fate)
K
Kartā (agent/doer)
K
Karaṇa (instrument)

FAQs

It teaches the pañca-kāraṇa doctrine: five necessary factors behind any action—basis (adhiṣṭhāna), agent (kartā), instruments (karaṇa), threefold activity/effort (ceṣṭā), and the divine/fated factor (daiva).

Beyond rituals and legends, the Agni Purana also preserves systematic philosophical frameworks—here, a technical causal analysis of action that supports ethics, governance, and liberation teachings across its wide-ranging subjects.

It balances personal responsibility (agent, effort, instruments) with the maturation of past karma (daiva), guiding disciplined action without egoism and supporting a karma-yoga approach toward purification and liberation.