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Dharma Across the Four Yugas, the Disruption of Social Conduct, and Ritual Purification from Varṇa-Mixing Transgressions
भद्राश्व उवाच । योऽसौ परापरो देवो विष्णुः सर्वगतो मुने । चतुर्युगे त्वसौ कीदृग् विज्ञेयः परमेश्वरः ॥ ६८.१ ॥
bhadrāśva uvāca | yo'sau parāparo devo viṣṇuḥ sarvagato mune | caturyuge tv asau kīdṛg vijñeyaḥ parameśvaraḥ || 68.1 ||
ഭദ്രാശ്വൻ പറഞ്ഞു—ഹേ മുനേ, പരാത്പരനും അന്തർവ്യാപിയുമായ സർവ്വവ്യാപക ദേവൻ വിഷ്ണുവിനെ ചതുര്യുഗങ്ങളിൽ പരമേശ്വരനായി എങ്ങനെ ഗ്രഹിക്കണം?
Bhadrāśva
It frames a core Purāṇic inquiry: how a single, all-pervading divine principle is described across changing cosmic eras (yugas), reflecting the text’s engagement with time-cycles and theological language.
No geographic location is named in this verse; it is a doctrinal question about Viṣṇu’s knowability across the four yugas.
The verse does not issue a direct ethical injunction; its philosophical instruction is epistemic—how one should understand (vijñeyaḥ) the Supreme in relation to cosmic time.
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