Varaha Purana 195.3 — Adhyaya 195, Shloka 3

Description of Sinners Abiding in Yama’s Realm

Catalog of Transgressions and the Logic of Retribution

Devanagari script

तथा ब्रह्महणः पापा ये च विश्वासघातकाः ॥ ये ये शठाः कृतघ्नाश्च लोलुपाः पारदारिकाः

Transliteration

tathā brahmahaṇaḥ pāpā ye ca viśvāsa-ghātakāḥ || ye ye śaṭhāḥ kṛtaghnāś ca lolupāḥ pārādārikāḥ

Translation

അതുപോലെ ബ്രാഹ്മണഹന്തകരായ പാപികളും വിശ്വാസഘാതകരും; കൂടാതെ വഞ്ചകർ, കൃതഘ്നർ, ലോഭികൾ, പരസ്ത്രീഗാമികൾ എല്ലാം.

Word by Word

• tathā: likewise/also
• tathā: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya, adverb (तथार्थक)

• brahmahaṇaḥ: slayers of brāhmaṇas
• brahmahaṇaḥ: Karta (कर्ता—class of persons)
• Type: Noun
• Root: brahman (प्रातिपदिक) + han (हन् धातु/प्रातिपदिक-आधारित)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन); समासः—तत्पुरुषः (ब्रह्मणः हन्तारः)

• pāpāḥ: sinful
• pāpāḥ: Karta (कर्ता—qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pāpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन)

• ye: who
• ye: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (यद् सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Relative pronoun, Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya, conjunction

• viśvāsa-ghātakāḥ: betrayers of trust
• viśvāsa-ghātakāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: viśvāsa (प्रातिपदिक) + ghātaka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural; समासः—तत्पुरुषः (विश्वासस्य घातकाः)

• ye: who
• ye: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (यद् सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Relative pronoun, Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• ye: who (indeed)
• ye: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (यद् सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Relative pronoun, Masculine, Nominative, Plural (repetition for emphasis)

• śaṭhāḥ: deceivers/rogues
• śaṭhāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śaṭha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• kṛtaghnāḥ: ungrateful persons
• kṛtaghnāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kṛta (कृदन्त, √kṛ धातु) + ghna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural; समासः—तत्पुरुषः (कृतं हन्ति/उपकारं न स्मरति)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya, conjunction

• lolupāḥ: greedy
• lolupāḥ: Karta (कर्ता—qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: lolupa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• pārādārikāḥ: adulterers (going to others’ wives)
• pārādārikāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: para (प्रातिपदिक) + dāra (प्रातिपदिक) + ika (तद्धित)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural; समास/निर्माणः—परदार-सम्बन्धिनः (परदारगामी)

Speaker

Nāciketa

Varaha Avatara Context

Varaha Avatara Context: {"is_varaha_focus":false,"aspect_highlighted":"None","boar_form_detail":"None","earth_interaction":"None"}

Bhu Devi Dialogue

Bhu Devi Dialogue: {"is_dialogue":false,"speaker_role":"instructor","bhu_devi_state":"None","key_question":"None"}

Mathura Mandala

Mathura Mandala: {"is_mathura_related":false,"specific_site":"None","parikrama_context":"None","krishna_connection":"None"}

Dharma Shastra

Dharma Shastra: {"has_dharma_rule":true,"topic":"None","instruction_summary":"Names mahāpātaka-like and social sins: brahmahatyā, betrayal of trust, deceit, ingratitude, greed, and adultery.","karmic_consequence":"Implied severe demerit with heavy retribution (naraka/duḥkha) and social-spiritual downfall; trust-breach and brahmahatyā are treated as especially weighty."}

Vrata Mahatmya

Vrata Mahatmya: {"has_vrata":false,"vrata_name":"None","tithi_month":"None","promised_fruit":"None"}

Cosmic Boar Symbolism

Cosmic Boar Symbolism: {"has_symbolism":false,"symbolic_interpretation":"None","yajna_varaha_imagery":"None","vedantic_connection":"None"}

Philosophical Teaching

Philosophical Teaching: {"has_teaching":true,"teaching_type":"ethics (social dharma)","core_concept":"Dharma is sustained by trust, gratitude, restraint, and reverence for the sacred; their violation corrodes both society and inner purity.","practical_application":"Maintain fidelity, avoid greed, honor benefactors, keep confidences, and uphold brahminical sanctity (non-violence toward the learned)."}

Subject Matter

Subject Matter: ["Ethics"]

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: bhayanaka

Secondary Rasa: bibhatsa

Geographic Context

Type: None

Cross References

Related Themes: Varaha Purana 195.2.0 (preceding list); Varaha Purana 195.4.0-195.6.0 (continuation)

Visual Art Cues

Visual Art Cues: {"scene_description":"A moral tableau: the teacher enumerates grave sins—brahmahatyā and betrayal—contrasted with ideals of trust and restraint.","item_prompts":["teacher with manuscript","symbolic broken trust (split seal/cord)","shadowy figure with greedy grasping hands","adultery motif as warning (turned-away spouse)","a sacred thread (yajñopavīta) as symbol of dvija duty"],"kerala_mural_prompt":"Kerala mural: strong gestures, expressive eyes; symbolic motifs (broken pledge, grasping hands) around the central instructor.","tanjore_prompt":"Tanjore: gold accents on sacred thread and manuscript; small framed vignettes of each sin as cautionary icons.","mysore_prompt":"Mysore: refined faces, soft shading; emphasis on the instructor’s composed authority with subtle symbolic props.","pahari_prompt":"Pahari: narrative mini-panels in margins, each illustrating betrayal, greed, and adultery with restrained color."}

Audio Atmosphere

Audio Atmosphere: {"recitation_mood":"stern, cautionary","suggested_raga":"Todi","pace":"steady","voice_tone":"low, weighty, judicial"}

Tags

• Classical Literature
• Purāṇic Narrative
• Social Ethics

FAQs

What is the historical significance of this verse?

It records a cluster of social-ethical categories (trust, gratitude, sexual propriety) used in Purāṇic moral reasoning and community norms.

Which geographic location is identified?

No geographic location is identified.

What is the primary ethical instruction?

It criticizes betrayal of trust, deceit, ingratitude, greed, and sexual transgression as destructive to social order.