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Shloka 40

An Exposition on the Causes of Happiness and Suffering

देवतेव सदा पश्येत् ततः सौख्यतरं नु किम् ॥ ऋतुकाले तु यो गच्छेन्मासेमासे च मैथुनम् ॥

devateva sadā paśyet tataḥ saukhyataraṃ nu kim | ṛtukāle tu yo gacchen māse māse ca maithunam ||

എപ്പോഴും അവളെ ദേവതയായി കാണുന്നവന് അതിലധികം സുഖം എന്തുണ്ട്? കൂടാതെ, ഋതുകാലത്തിൽ മാത്രം, മാസംതോറും നിയന്ത്രിതമായി സംഗമിക്കുന്നവൻ പ്രശംസനീയൻ.

devatāa deity
devatā:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootdevatā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन); used in simile-object sense with iva
ivalike/as
iva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiva (अव्यय)
FormComparative particle (उपमावाचक-अव्यय)
sadāalways
sadā:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsadā (अव्यय)
FormAdverb (कालवाचक-अव्यय)
paśyetshould see/regard
paśyet:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√dṛś (धातु)
FormOptative/Potential (विधिलिङ्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)
tataḥfrom that; thereafter
tataḥ:
Apadana (अपादान)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottatas (अव्यय/तसिल्-प्रत्ययान्त)
FormAdverb (क्रियाविशेषण), 'from that/thereafter'
saukhyatarammore pleasant/happier
saukhyataram:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsaukhyatara (प्रातिपदिक; tara-तुलनात्मक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative/Accusative (प्रथमा/1 or द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन); comparative
nuindeed? / then?
nu:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootnu (अव्यय)
FormInterrogative particle (प्रश्नार्थ-निपात)
kimwhat
kim:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative/Accusative (प्रथमा/1 or द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन); interrogative
ṛtu-kālein the season/at the proper time
ṛtu-kāle:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootṛtu (प्रातिपदिक) + kāla (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी/7), Singular (एकवचन); सप्तमी-तत्पुरुष (time-locative)
tubut/indeed
tu:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
FormParticle (निपात)
yaḥwho
yaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); relative pronoun
gacchetshould go
gacchet:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√gam (धातु)
FormOptative/Potential (विधिलिङ्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)
māsein a month
māse:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootmāsa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी/7), Singular (एकवचन)
māsemonth by month
māse:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootmāsa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी/7), Singular (एकवचन); repetition indicates distributive sense
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction (समुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय)
maithunamsexual union
maithunam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootmaithuna (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन)

Varāha

Varaha Avatara Context: {"is_varaha_focus":false,"aspect_highlighted":"None","boar_form_detail":"None","earth_interaction":"None"}

Bhu Devi Dialogue: {"is_dialogue":false,"speaker_role":"instructor","bhu_devi_state":"None","key_question":"None"}

Mathura Mandala: {"is_mathura_related":false,"specific_site":"None","parikrama_context":"None","krishna_connection":"None"}

Dharma Shastra: {"has_dharma_rule":true,"topic":"varnashrama","instruction_summary":"Gṛhastha should revere the spouse as divine and regulate maithuna to ṛtu-kāla (fertile season) with disciplined periodicity.","karmic_consequence":"Regulated sense-life supports sukha, steadiness, and dhārmic household prosperity; indulgence/irregularity leads to restlessness and decline of dharma."}

Vrata Mahatmya: {"has_vrata":false,"vrata_name":"None","tithi_month":"None","promised_fruit":"None"}

Cosmic Boar Symbolism: {"has_symbolism":false,"symbolic_interpretation":"None","yajna_varaha_imagery":"None","vedantic_connection":"None"}

Philosophical Teaching: {"has_teaching":true,"teaching_type":"ethics of desire (kāma-niyama) within dharma","core_concept":"Sukha arises when kāma is subordinated to dharma through reverence and seasonal restraint.","practical_application":"Treat spouse with devatā-bhāva; observe ṛtu-kāla discipline and avoid impulsive/compulsive sexuality."}

Subject Matter: ["Ethics"]

Primary Rasa: śānta

Secondary Rasa: śṛṅgāra

Type: None

Related Themes: Varāha Purāṇa 116.45–46 (single-minded worship and its fruit); Varāha Purāṇa 116.116 (nīti on decline without refuge in Bhagavān)

Visual Art Cues: {"scene_description":"Varāha as a didactic deity instructs on household discipline—spousal reverence and seasonal restraint—set in a calm teaching hall.","item_prompts":["Varāha seated as teacher","Bhu/earth-goddess or attentive listener implied","palm-leaf manuscript","household symbols (lamp, water-pot)","seasonal motif (spring blossoms)"],"kerala_mural_prompt":"Kerala mural style: Varāha in calm upadeśa posture, warm earthy palette, ornate borders, subtle spring-season cues, manuscript in hand.","tanjore_prompt":"Tanjore style: central Varāha teacher with gold-leaf halo, minimal background, lamp and manuscript, rich jewelry, serene expression.","mysore_prompt":"Mysore style: delicate linework, soft shading, Varāha instructing with abhaya/teaching gesture, refined domestic props.","pahari_prompt":"Pahari style: intimate indoor satsang scene, pastel palette, Varāha teaching, seasonal landscape vignette outside a window."}

Audio Atmosphere: {"recitation_mood":"didactic-calm","suggested_raga":"Yaman","pace":"medium","voice_tone":"measured, instructive"}

C
Classical Literature
V
Vaishnavism
H
Householder Dharma
D
Dharma-shastra Interface

FAQs

It reflects household-regulation norms found across Dharma literature, indicating how Purāṇic texts transmit social ethics alongside devotional language.

No geographic location is identified.

Maintain respectful regard and practice restraint through regulated household conduct.