Paingala Upanishad 2 — Verse 2

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

स होवाच याज्ञवल्क्यः—सदेव सोम्येदमग्र आसीत् । तन्नित्यमुक्तमविक्रियं सत्यज्ञानानन्दं परिपूर्णं सनातनमेकमेवाद्वितीयं ब्रह्म ॥२॥

Padapatha (Word Split)

सः । ह । उवाच । याज्ञवल्क्यः । सत्-एव । सोम्य । इदम् । अग्रे । आसीत् । तत् । नित्यमुक्तम् । अविक्रियम् । सत्य-ज्ञान-आनन्दम् । परिपूर्णम् । सनातनम् । एकम्-एव । अद्वितीयम् । ब्रह्म ।

IAST Transliteration

sa hovāca yājñavalkyaḥ—sad eva somyedam agra āsīt | tan nityamuktam avikriyaṃ satya-jñānānandaṃ paripūrṇaṃ sanātanam ekam evādvitīyaṃ brahma ||2||

Translation

യാജ്ഞവൽക്ക്യൻ പറഞ്ഞു: “ഹേ സൗമ്യ, ആദിയിൽ ഇതെല്ലാം സത് മാത്രമായിരുന്നു. അത് നിത്യമുക്തം, അവികാരീ, സത്യ-ജ്ഞാന-ആനന്ദസ്വരൂപം, പരിപൂർണം, സനാതനം—ഏകമേകമായ അദ്വിതീയ ബ്രഹ്മം.”

Academic Translation

Yājñavalkya said: “O gentle one, in the beginning this (universe) was Being alone. That (Being) is eternally free, unchanging, of the nature of truth–knowledge–bliss, all-full, everlasting—Brahman, one only, without a second.”

Verse Context

• Brahman as satya-jñāna-ānanda; non-duality (advaita); nityamukti; immutability
• Mahavakya: Directly supports ‘ekam evādvitīyam’ (Chāndogya 6.2.1) and the non-dual purport underlying ‘aham brahmāsmi’ and ‘tat tvam asi’ (identity of self and Brahman).
• Yajur
• Śukla (Vājasaneyin) Shakha
• Chandas: Prose