Skanda Purana — Nagara Khanda, Shloka 61
Devanagari script
एतत्ते सर्वमाख्यातं यत्पृष्टोऽस्मि द्विजोत्तम । विस्तरेण तव प्रीत्या स्वरूपं नरकोद्भवम्
Transliteration
etatte sarvamākhyātaṃ yatpṛṣṭo'smi dvijottama | vistareṇa tava prītyā svarūpaṃ narakodbhavam
Translation
ഹേ ദ്വിജോത്തമാ, നീ ചോദിച്ചതെല്ലാം നിനക്കുള്ള സ്നേഹത്താൽ ഞാൻ വിശദമായി പറഞ്ഞു—നരകജന്യ പീഡകളുടെ സ്വരൂപവും കൂടി।
Word by Word
एतत्this
एतत्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootएतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन — “this” (here: object with ‘आख्यातम्’)
तेto you
ते:
Sampradana (Recipient/सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formचतुर्थी (4th/चतुर्थी), एकवचन — Dative “to you”
सर्वम्all
सर्वम्:
Visheshana (Adjectival/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन — “all/entire” qualifying ‘एतत्’
आख्यातम्has been explained
आख्यातम्:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootआ-√ख्या (धातु) → आख्यात (कृदन्त/क्त)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; कर्मणि प्रयोगः — “has been told/explained”
यत्that which
यत्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन — “which/that which” (object of ‘पृष्टः’)
पृष्टः(I) was asked
पृष्टः:
Kriya (Predicate complement)
TypeAdjective
Root√पृच्छ् (धातु) → पृष्ट (कृदन्त/क्त)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन — “asked” (predicate with ‘अस्मि’)
अस्मिI am
अस्मि:
Kriya (Copula/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√अस् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), परस्मैपद; उत्तमपुरुष (1st), एकवचन — “I am”
द्विजोत्तमO best of the twice-born
द्विजोत्तम:
Sambodhana (Address/सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज (प्रातिपदिक) + उत्तम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः/कर्मधारयार्थः — “best among the twice-born”
विस्तरेणin detail
विस्तरेण:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootविस्तर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), एकवचन — Instrumental used adverbially “in detail”
तवyour
तव:
Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी (6th), एकवचन — Genitive “of you/your”
प्रीत्याout of affection
प्रीत्या:
Hetu (Cause/हेतु)
TypeNoun
Rootप्रीति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), एकवचन — Instrumental “out of affection/for pleasing”
स्वरूपम्the nature/form
स्वरूपम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootस्वरूप (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन — Accusative singular
नरकोद्भवम्arising from hell
नरकोद्भवम्:
Visheshana (Adjectival/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootनरक (प्रातिपदिक) + उद्भव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; पञ्चमी-तत्पुरुषः (नरकात् उद्भवः) — “arising from hell”, qualifying ‘स्वरूपम्’
Speaker
Yama
Skanda Dialogue
Listener: Dvijottama (brāhmaṇa)
Visual Art Cues
Scene: A sage-like speaker addresses a brāhmaṇa listener, palm-leaf manuscript nearby; behind them, faint symbolic vignettes of hell-torments dissolve as the teaching concludes.
Characters & Entities
Y
YamaB
Brāhmaṇa (listener)FAQs
Scriptural teaching is transmitted compassionately to guide beings away from suffering and toward dharma.
No specific location is named in this verse; it concludes a segment of instruction.
None; it functions as a narrative transition/closure.