Skanda Purana — Avanti Khanda, Shloka 48

Devanagari script

मार्कण्डेय उवाच । इत्येवं संस्तुतस्ताभिरप्सरोभिर्जनार्दनः । दिव्यज्ञानोपपन्नानां तासां प्रत्यक्षमीश्वरः

Transliteration

mārkaṇḍeya uvāca | ityevaṃ saṃstutastābhirapsarobhirjanārdanaḥ | divyajñānopapannānāṃ tāsāṃ pratyakṣamīśvaraḥ

Translation

മാർക്കണ്ഡേയൻ പറഞ്ഞു—ഇങ്ങനെ ആ അപ്സരസ്സുകൾ സ്തുതിച്ചപ്പോൾ, ദിവ്യജ്ഞാനസമ്പന്നരായ അവരുടെ മുമ്പിൽ ജനാർദനനായ ഈശ്വരൻ പ്രത്യക്ഷമായി വെളിപ്പെട്ടു.

Word by Word

• mārkaṇḍeyaḥ: Mārkaṇḍeya
• mārkaṇḍeyaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मार्कण्डेय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• uvāca: said
• uvāca: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• iti: thus
• iti: Sambandha (Discourse marker/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iti (अव्यय)
• Form: उद्धरण/समाप्त्यर्थक-अव्यय (quotative particle)

• evam: in this way
• evam: Sambandha (Adverbial/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: evam (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रकारवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of manner)

• saṃstutaḥ: praised
• saṃstutaḥ: Kriya (क्रियाविशेषण/Predicate)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: संस्तुत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; स्तु धातोः)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि-प्रत्यय (PPP), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• tābhiḥ: by them
• tābhiḥ: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; सर्वनाम

• apsarobhiḥ: by the apsarases
• apsarobhiḥ: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अप्सरस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन

• janārdanaḥ: Janārdana (Viṣṇu)
• janārdanaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जनार्दन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• divya-jñāna-upapannānām: endowed with divine knowledge
• divya-jñāna-upapannānām: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दिव्य + ज्ञान + उपपन्न (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी, बहुवचन; बहुपद-तत्पुरुष: दिव्यं ज्ञानं येषां/यैः उपपन्नाः (end member PPP ‘उपपन्न’)

• tāsām: of those (women)
• tāsām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, बहुवचन; सर्वनाम

• pratyakṣam: directly/manifestly
• pratyakṣam: Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रत्यक्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; क्रियाविशेषणवत् (as ‘manifestly’)

• īśvaraḥ: the Lord
• īśvaraḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ईश्वर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

Speaker

Mārkaṇḍeya

Tirtha Mahatmya

Tirtha: Revā tīrtha (contextual)

Type: kshetra

Visual Art Cues

Scene: Mārkaṇḍeya as narrator-seer sits to one side with rosary and waterpot; in the center Janārdana stands manifest, luminous; apsarās surround Him in praise; a subtle aura indicates ‘divya-jñāna’ as a halo around their heads.

Characters & Entities

• Mārkaṇḍeya
• Apsarās
• Janārdana
• Īśvara

FAQs

What is the primary spiritual lesson of this shloka?

Divine knowledge and purity of perception culminate in direct experience (pratyakṣa) of the Lord.

Which specific holy site (Tirtha) is glorified here?

Not specified in this verse; it continues the Revā-khaṇḍa narrative associated with the Narmadā region.

What ritualistic prescription is mentioned?

None.