Skanda Purana — Avanti Khanda, Shloka 11

Devanagari script

व्रतोपवासैर्विविधैः स्नानदानजपादिकैः । परं निर्वाणमापन्नः पूजयन्रुद्रमव्ययम्

Transliteration

vratopavāsairvividhaiḥ snānadānajapādikaiḥ | paraṃ nirvāṇamāpannaḥ pūjayanrudramavyayam

Translation

വിവിധ വ്രത-ഉപവാസങ്ങൾ, സ്നാനം, ദാനം, ജപം മുതലായവകൊണ്ട് അവ്യയനായ രുദ്രനെ പൂജിച്ച് അദ്ദേഹം പരമ നിർവാണം (മോക്ഷം) പ്രാപിച്ചു।

Word by Word

• व्रतोपवासैः: by vows and fasts
• व्रतोपवासैः: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्रत-उपवास (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/करण), बहुवचन; द्वन्द्व-समासः (व्रतैः च उपवासैः च)

• विविधैः: various
• विविधैः: Visheshana (Adjectival/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विविध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; ‘व्रतोपवासैः’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• स्नानदानजपादिकैः: by bathing, giving, recitation, etc.
• स्नानदानजपादिकैः: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्नान-दान-जप-आदि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; समाहार-द्वन्द्वः (स्नानं दानं जपः आदयः)

• परम्: supreme
• परम्: Visheshana (Adjectival/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘निर्वाणम्’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• निर्वाणम्: liberation, nirvāṇa
• निर्वाणम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: निर्वाण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• आपन्नः: having attained
• आपन्नः: Karta (Subject complement/कर्तृ-विशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-पद् (पद् धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त (क्त/भूतकर्मणि), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्तरि—‘having attained’

• पूजन्: worshipping
• पूजन्: Kriya (Participial/सहकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: पूज् (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त (शतृ/वर्तमानकृदन्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘आपन्नः’ इत्यस्य सहकालक्रिया

• रुद्रम्: Rudra (Śiva)
• रुद्रम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रुद्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• अव्ययम्: imperishable
• अव्ययम्: Visheshana (Adjectival/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अव्यय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘रुद्रम्’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

Speaker

Narrator (contextual; likely Sūta/Lomaharṣaṇa)

Tirtha Mahatmya

Tirtha: Kāpila-tīrtha / Kapila-āśrama on Revā (contextual)

Type: kshetra

Skanda Dialogue

Listener: Ṛṣis (frame typical; not explicit)

Visual Art Cues

Scene: Kapila performs intense austerities on the Narmadā bank: fasting, japa with rudrākṣa, offerings to a Rudra-liṅga; a radiant, tranquil aura indicates attainment of nirvāṇa.

Characters & Entities

• Rudra (Śiva)
• Kapila (implied)

FAQs

What is the primary spiritual lesson of this shloka?

Disciplined dharmic practice—vows, fasting, bathing, charity, and mantra—culminates in liberation when centered on Rudra.

Which specific holy site (Tirtha) is glorified here?

The practices are situated in the Revā Khaṇḍa’s Kāpila-tīrtha/Narmadā context.

What ritualistic prescription is mentioned?

Vrata and upavāsa, along with snāna, dāna, and japa, performed with devotion to Rudra.