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Shiva Purana — Vayaviya Samhita, Shloka 98

अनुग्रह-स्वातन्त्र्य-प्रमाणविचारः | Inquiry into Pramāṇa, Divine Autonomy, and Grace

परोक्षमस्थिरं प्राहुरपरोक्षं तु सुस्थिरम् । हेतूपदेशगम्यं यत्तत्परोक्षं प्रचक्षते

parokṣamasthiraṃ prāhuraparokṣaṃ tu susthiram | hetūpadeśagamyaṃ yattatparokṣaṃ pracakṣate

പരോക്ഷജ്ഞാനം അസ്ഥിരമാണെന്നും അപരോക്ഷം സുസ്ഥിരമാണെന്നും അവർ പറയുന്നു. ഹേതുവും ഉപദേശവും വഴി ലഭിക്കുന്നതിനെ ‘പരോക്ഷം’ എന്നു വിളിക്കുന്നു।

parokṣamindirect knowledge
parokṣam:
Karma (कर्म/object)
TypeAdjective
Rootparokṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapuṃsakaliṅga, Dvitīyā (Accusative/2nd), Eka-vacana; object of prāhuḥ (they call)
asthiramunstable
asthiram:
Karma-samānādhikaraṇa (कर्मसमानाधिकरण/predicative)
TypeAdjective
Rootasthira (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapuṃsakaliṅga, Dvitīyā, Eka-vacana; predicate accusative with parokṣam
prāhuḥthey say/call
prāhuḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया/verb)
TypeVerb
Rootpra√ah (धातु)
FormLiṭ (लिट्, Perfect), Parasmaipada, Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Bahu-vacana
aparokṣamdirect knowledge
aparokṣam:
Karma (कर्म/object)
TypeAdjective
Rootaparokṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapuṃsakaliṅga, Dvitīyā, Eka-vacana; object (understood) of prāhuḥ
tubut
tu:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya, adversative particle (तु)
su-sthiramvery stable
su-sthiram:
Karma-samānādhikaraṇa (कर्मसमानाधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsu (अव्यय/उपसर्ग) + sthira (प्रातिपदिक)
FormKarmadhāraya (कर्मधारय) with intensifier su- ‘very stable’; Napuṃsakaliṅga, Dvitīyā, Eka-vacana; predicate accusative
hetu-upadeśa-gamyamknowable through reasoning and instruction
hetu-upadeśa-gamyam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Roothetu (प्रातिपदिक) + upadeśa (प्रातिपदिक) + gamya (√gam, धातु; यत्)
FormTatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) chain: ‘reachable/known through cause and instruction’; gamya = potential/gerundive (यत्) used adjectivally; Napuṃsakaliṅga, Prathamā, Eka-vacana
yatwhich
yat:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/relative)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapuṃsakaliṅga, Prathamā, Eka-vacana; relative pronoun referring to jñānam (understood)
tatthat
tat:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/correlative)
TypeNoun
Roottad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapuṃsakaliṅga, Prathamā, Eka-vacana; correlative pronoun
parokṣamindirect
parokṣam:
Karma (कर्म/object)
TypeAdjective
Rootparokṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapuṃsakaliṅga, Dvitīyā, Eka-vacana; object of pracakṣate
pracakṣatethey declare/call
pracakṣate:
Kriyā (क्रिया/verb)
TypeVerb
Rootpra√cakṣ (धातु)
FormLaṭ (लट्, Present), Ātmanepada, Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Bahu-vacana

Suta Goswami (narrating Shiva’s philosophical teaching in the Vāyavīyasaṃhitā context)

Tattva Level: pashu

Shiva Form: Dakṣiṇāmūrti

Role: teaching

S
Shiva

FAQs

It distinguishes conceptual, second-hand knowledge from the steady liberating knowledge that arises as direct realization of Shiva; teachings and reasoning guide the seeker, but moksha becomes firm only with immediate spiritual experience.

Linga and saguna worship begin as guided practice based on instruction (paroksha), but their purpose is to mature devotion and concentration until Shiva is realized directly (aparoksha) as the inner Lord beyond mere concepts and symbols.

Use upadeśa as a support—steady japa of the Panchakshara (Om Namaḥ Śivāya) with dhyāna on the Linga—so knowledge moves from intellectual certainty to direct inner realization.