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Rig Veda 10.117.1: Mandala 10, Sukta 117, Mantra 1

Sukta 10.117

Devata: Didactic/ethical hymn (no single devatā; addresses the law of giving under divine order)
Chandas: Trishtubh (common for RV 10.117; verification required)

न वा उ देवाः क्षुधमिद्वधं ददुरुताशितमुप गच्छन्ति मृत्यवः । उतो रयिः पृणतो नोप दस्यत्युतापृणन्मर्डितारं न विन्दते ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 10.117.1

ná vā u devā́ḥ kṣúdhám id vadháṃ dadur utā́śitam úpa gacchanti mṛtyávaḥ | utó ráyiḥ pṛṇató nópa dasyati utā́pṛṇan marḍitā́raṃ ná vindate ||

ദേവന്മാർ ക്ഷുധയെ വധമായി നിയമിച്ചിട്ടില്ല; എങ്കിലും പോഷണമില്ലാത്തവന്റെ അടുക്കൽ മരണങ്ങൾ അടുത്തുവരുന്നു. എന്നാൽ മറ്റുള്ളവരെ നിറയ്ക്കുന്നവനെ റയി (സമൃദ്ധി) കൈവിടുകയില്ല; നിറയ്ക്കാത്തവന് മർഡിതാർ (ചികിത്സകൻ)യും രക്ഷകനും ലഭിക്കുകയില്ല.

not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna
वाindeed / or
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
indeed, surely
:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootu
देवाःthe gods
देवाः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
क्षुधम्hunger
क्षुधम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootक्षुध्
इत्just, indeed
इत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootit
वधम्slaying, killing
वधम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवध
ददुःthey have given / assigned
ददुः:
TypeVerb
Rootदा (दाने)
उतand also
उत:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootut
अशितम्food; what is eaten
अशितम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअशित (ppp of √अश् ‘to eat’)
उपtowards, near
उप:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootupa
गच्छन्तिthey go, they approach
गच्छन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootगम् (गत्यर्थे)
मृत्यवःdeaths; death-demons
मृत्यवः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootमृत्यु
उतand also
उत:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootut
रयिःwealth
रयिः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootरयि
पृणतःof the one who gives/fills (the generous man)
पृणतः:
Sampradāna (genitive of beneficiary/possessor) / सम्बन्ध
TypeParticiple
Rootपृ (पूरणे/प्रीणने) → पृणत्
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna
उपnear, upon
उप:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootupa
दस्यतिfails, is lacking
दस्यति:
TypeVerb
Rootदस्/दस्य (क्षये/हिंसायाम्; Vedic ‘to fail, be wanting’)
उतand also
उत:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootut
अपृणन्they did not fill; they did not give
अपृणन्:
TypeVerb
Rootपृ (पूरणे/प्रीणने)
मर्डितारम्the oppressor, the crusher
मर्डितारम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमर्डितृ (agent noun from √मृड्/मर्द् ‘to crush, oppress’)
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna
विन्दतेfinds, obtains
विन्दते:
TypeVerb
Rootविद् (लाभे ‘to find, obtain’)

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