Rig Veda 1.5.10: Mandala 1, Sukta 5, Mantra 10

Sukta 1.5

Rishi: Madhucchandas Vaiśvāmitra

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Gāyatrī

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

मा नो मर्ता अभि द्रुहन्तनूनामिन्द्र गिर्वणः । ईशानो यवया वधम् ॥

Transliteration

mā no mártā abhi drúhant tanūnā́m indra girvaṇaḥ | ī́śāno yavayā vadhám ||

Translation

ഹേ ഗിർവണ ഇന്ദ്ര, മർത്ത്യമായ പ്രേരണകൾ നമ്മുടെ ദേഹധാരിയായ സത്തയെ വൈരത്തോടെ ആക്രമിക്കാതിരിക്കട്ടെ. ഹേ അധിപനേ, നിന്റെ അധീനശക്തിയാൽ വിനാശത്തിന്റെ പ്രഹരം ദൂരെയാക്കുക.

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Word by Word

• मा: do not
• मा: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: मा (निषेध) / mā́

• नः: us / for us
• नः: Sampradāna (beneficiary/affected: ‘to/for us’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्

• मर्ताः: mortals
• मर्ताः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: मर्त (√मृ ‘to die’)

• अभि: against, towards
• अभि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अभि

• द्रुहन्: let them not harm / be hostile
• द्रुहन्: Karma (governs the object ‘तनूनाम्’ via verbal action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √द्रुह्

• तनूनाम्: (of our) bodies / persons
• तनूनाम्: Karma (object in sense: ‘our bodies/persons’; genitive of relation used with √द्रुह् in Vedic)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तनू

• इन्द्र: O Indra
• इन्द्र: Sambodhana (addressed deity)
• Type: Noun (proper)
• Root: इन्द्र

• गिर्वणः: O praise-delighting (acceptor of hymns)
• गिर्वणः: Sambodhana (epithet of Indra)
• Type: Adjective (epithet)
• Root: गिर्वणस् (gir-vaṇas) / ‘praise-delighting’

• ईशानः: being lord / as master
• ईशानः: Kartā (of ‘यवय’)
• Type: Adjective/Participle
• Root: ईशान (from √ईश् ‘to rule, be master’)

• यवय: ward off / drive away
• यवय: Kartā (implicit ‘त्वम्’ = Indra) acting on object ‘वधम्’
• Type: Verb
• Root: √यु / √यव (Vedic: ‘to ward off, remove, keep away’)

• वधम्: slaying, deadly blow, harm
• वधम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वध