Rig Veda 1.41.3: Mandala 1, Sukta 41, Mantra 3

Sukta 1.41

Devata: Ādityas as rājānaḥ (sovereign upholders of Ṛta)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

वि दुर्गा वि द्विषः पुरो घ्नन्ति राजान एषाम् । नयन्ति दुरिता तिरः ॥

Transliteration

ví durgā́ ví dvíṣaḥ puró ghnanti rājāna eṣām | náyanti duritā́ tiráḥ ||

Translation

അവർ ദുർഗമമായ വഴികളെ വിശാലമാക്കുന്നു; ശത്രുക്കളുടെ തടസ്സകവാടങ്ങളെ നമ്മുടെ മുമ്പിൽ തകർക്കുന്നു; ഈ രാജാക്കന്മാർ നമ്മുടെ ദുരിതങ്ങളെ കടത്തി അപ്പുറത്തേക്ക് നയിക്കുന്നു.

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Word by Word

• वि: apart, asunder, forth
• वि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वि- (upasarga)

• दुर्गाः: difficult passages; dangers
• दुर्गाः: Karma (with implied ‘they remove/drive away’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुर्ग (prātipadika < dur- + गम्/गā ‘to go’ → ‘hard to go/pass’)

• वि: apart, away
• वि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वि- (upasarga)

• द्विषः: haters; enemies
• द्विषः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्विष् (prātipadika from √द्विष् ‘to hate’)

• पुरः: fortresses; strongholds
• पुरः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुर्/पुर (prātipadika)

• घ्नन्ति: they smash; they slay
• घ्नन्ति: — (verbal action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √हन् (to strike, slay) (present stem घ्न-)

• राजानः: kings; rulers
• राजानः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन् (prātipadika)

• एषाम्: of these; their
• एषाम्: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (possessive/genitival relation)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद् (pronominal base एष-)

• नयन्ति: they lead; they carry
• नयन्ति: — (verbal action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √नी (to lead) (present stem नय-)

• दुरितानि: misfortunes; sins; troubles
• दुरितानि: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुरित (prātipadika < dur- + इत ‘gone/went’)

• तिरः: across; beyond; away
• तिरः: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तिरस् (avyaya/adverbial form)