Shloka 31

प्रहस्तनिर्याणम्

Prahasta’s Departure and the Muster of the Rakshasa Host

Devanagari script

नरान्तकःकुम्भहनुर्महानादस्समुन्नतः ।।।।प्रहस्तसचिवाह्येतेनिर्ययुःपरिवार्यतम् ।

Transliteration

narāntakaḥ kumbhahanuḥ mahānādaḥ samunnataḥ |

prahasta-sacivā hy ete niryayuḥ parivārya tam ||6.57.31||

Translation

നരാന്തകൻ, കുംഭഹനു, മഹാനാദൻ, സമുന്നതൻ—ഇവർ പ്രഹസ്തന്റെ സഹായികൾ; അവനെ ചുറ്റിപ്പറ്റി കൂടെ പുറപ്പെട്ടു.

Word by Word

• नरान्तकः: Narantaka
• नरान्तकः: कर्ता (co-subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर-अन्तक (प्रातिपदिक; नाम)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष/उपपद: 'नराणाम् अन्तकः' (slayer of men)

• कुम्भहनुः: Kumbhahanu
• कुम्भहनुः: कर्ता (co-subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुम्भ-हनु (प्रातिपदिक; नाम)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्मधारय: 'कुम्भ इव हनुः यस्य' (pot-like jaw)

• महानादः: Mahanada
• महानादः: कर्ता (co-subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महा-नाद (प्रातिपदिक; नाम/विशेषण)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; 'महान् नादः यस्य'

• समुन्नतः: Samunnata
• समुन्नतः: कर्ता (co-subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सम्-उद्-नम्/नत् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; नामरूपेण (proper name)

• प्रहस्तसचिवाः: Prahasta's attendants/adjutants
• प्रहस्तसचिवाः: कर्ता (subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रहस्त-सचिव (प्रातिपदिक; प्रहस्तः+सचिवः)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: 'प्रहस्तस्य सचिवाः'

• हि: indeed
• हि: निपात (discourse particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle; emphasis/indeed)

• एते: these
• एते: कर्ता (apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; सर्वनाम

• निर्ययुः: went out
• निर्ययुः: क्रिया (main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: निर्-या (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; परस्मैपदम्

• परिवार्य: having surrounded
• परिवार्य: पूर्वकाल-क्रिया
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: परि-वृ (धातु) + ल्यप् (कृदन्त; अव्यय)
• Form: ल्यपन्त अव्यय (gerund): 'having surrounded/escorted'

• तम्: him
• तम्: कर्म (object of परिवार्य)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

Context

Naranthaka, Kumbhahanu, Mahanada, Samunnatha, the adjutants of Prahastha went with him.

Characters & Entities

• Prahastha
• Narantaka
• Kumbhahanu
• Mahanada
• Samunnata

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

It illustrates loyalty and hierarchical support within a command structure. The dharmic lens asks: loyalty is admirable when aligned with satya; when attached to adharma, it becomes complicity—one of the epic’s recurring cautions.

What is the narrative situation?

Prahastha departs with named sub-commanders/attendants who escort him as part of the expedition.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Cohesion and disciplined accompaniment (organizational loyalty).