Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 110, Shloka 13

रामरावणयोर्युद्धवैषम्यं तथा रावणशिरश्छेदनम्

Rama–Ravana Duel Intensifies; Ravana’s Heads Severed and Reappear

Devanagari script

तयाधर्षणयाक्रुद्धोमातलेर्नतथात्मनः ।।।।चकारशरजालेनराघवोविमुखंरिपुम् ।

Transliteration

tayā dharṣaṇayā kruddho mātaler na tathātmanaḥ |

cakāra śarajālena rāghavo vimukhaṃ ripum ||

Translation

മാതലിക്കു നേരെയുണ്ടായ ആ അപമാനത്തിൽ—സ്വന്തം ദേഹത്തിന് വന്ന പരിക്കിനേക്കാളും അധികമായി—രാഘവൻ ക്രുദ്ധനായി; അമ്പുകളുടെ ജാലംകൊണ്ട് ശത്രുവിനെ വിമുഖനാക്കി.

Word by Word

• tayā: by that
• tayā: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun; Feminine, Instrumental, Singular

• dharṣaṇayā: by the affront/attack
• dharṣaṇayā: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dharṣaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Instrumental, Singular

• kruddhaḥ: angered
• kruddhaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: krudh (धातु)
• Form: Past participle (क्त) from √krudh; Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• mātaleḥ: of Matali
• mātaleḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mātali (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• na: not
• na: Nishedha-dyotaka (निषेध-द्योतक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Negation particle

• tathā: in that way
• tathā: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रिया-विशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb ‘thus/in that way’

• ātmanaḥ: of himself
• ātmanaḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ātman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular; reflexive sense ‘of himself’

• cakāra: made
• cakāra: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: kṛ (धातु)
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), 3rd person, Singular

• śara-jālena: by a net of arrows
• śara-jālena: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śara (प्रातिपदिक) + jāla (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (‘net of arrows’); Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• rāghavaḥ: Raghava (Rama)
• rāghavaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāghava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• vimukham: turned away
• vimukham: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vimukha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular (agreeing with ripum)

• ripum: enemy
• ripum: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ripu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

Context

Heroic Raghava thereafter, let loose shafts in twenties, thirties, sixties, hundreds, and thousands at Ravana's chest.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma (Rāghava)
• Mātali
• Rāvaṇa (enemy implied)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma as protective leadership: a righteous leader is pained more by harm to dependents and allies than by personal injury, and responds to shield them.

What is the narrative situation?

Seeing Mātali targeted, Rāma retaliates with a dense volley, driving Rāvaṇa back/aside.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Compassionate guardianship and responsibility toward one’s supporters (rakṣaṇa-bhāva).