Shloka 32

षट्चत्वारिंशः सर्गः

Ravana Deploys Five Generals; Hanuman Destroys the Commanders and the Remaining Host

Devanagari script

ततस्तांस्त्रीन्हतान्ज्ञात्वा वानरेण तरस्विना।।5.46.31।।अभिपेदे महावेगः प्रसह्य प्रघसो हरिम्।भासकर्णश्च सङ्कृद्धश्शूलमादाय वीर्यवान्।।5.46.32।।

Transliteration

tatas tāṃs trīn hatān jñātvā vānarēṇa tarasvinā || 5.46.31 || abhipēdē mahāvēgaḥ prasahya praghaso harim | bhāsakarṇaś ca saṅkṛddhaḥ śūlam ādāya vīryavān || 5.46.32 ||

Translation

(ദക്ഷിണ പാഠത്തിലെ ആവർത്തനം) വേഗശാലിയായ വാനരൻ ആ മൂന്നുപേരെയും വധിച്ചതായി അറിഞ്ഞപ്പോൾ, മഹാവേഗൻ പ്രഘസൻ ബലമായി ഹനുമാനെ ആക്രമിച്ചു; ക്രോധിതനായ ഭാസകർണൻ ശൂലം കൈയിൽ എടുത്ത് മുന്നേറി.

Word by Word

• ततः: then, thereafter
• ततः: अधिकरण/कालाधिकरण (temporal adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (तद्-प्रातिपदिकात् अव्यय-रूपम्)
• Form: अव्ययम् (क्रियाविशेषणम्/सम्बन्धबोधकः) = indeclinable adverb: "then/thereafter"

• तान्: those
• तान्: कर्म (object of ज्ञात्वा)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिकम्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे द्वितीया-विभक्तिः बहुवचनम् (accusative plural masculine) — demonstrative pronoun

• त्रीन्: three
• त्रीन्: कर्म (qualifier of object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: त्रि (संख्या-प्रातिपदिकम्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे द्वितीया-विभक्तिः बहुवचनम् (accusative plural masculine) — numeral adjective qualifying तान्

• हतान्: killed, slain
• हतान्: कर्म (qualifier of object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हन् (धातुः) → हत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिकम्, क्त-प्रत्ययः)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्तः भूतकर्मणि कृदन्तः; पुंलिङ्गे द्वितीया-विभक्तिः बहुवचनम् (accusative plural masculine) — past passive participle qualifying तान् त्रीन्

• ज्ञात्वा: having known, after knowing
• ज्ञात्वा: पूर्वकालक्रिया (absolutive; prior action to main verb)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ज्ञा (धातुः) → ज्ञात्वा (क्त्वा-प्रत्ययः)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्तम् अव्ययीभाव-स्वरूपं (gerund/absolutive): "having known"

• वानरेण: by the vanara (monkey)
• वानरेण: करण (instrument/agent in passive sense: "by the vanara")
• Type: Noun
• Root: वानर (प्रातिपदिकम्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे तृतीया-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (instrumental singular masculine)

• तरस्विना: swift, impetuous
• तरस्विना: करण (qualifier of instrument)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तरस्विन् (प्रातिपदिकम्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे तृतीया-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (instrumental singular masculine) — adjective qualifying वानरेण

• अभिपेदे: attacked, rushed upon
• अभिपेदे: क्रिया (main action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अभि + पद् (धातुः) → अभिपेदे
• Form: लिट्-लकारः (परस्मैपदम्), प्रथमपुरुषः एकवचनम् (perfect, 3rd person singular) — "he rushed/attacked"

• महावेगः: the great-swift (one), very fast
• महावेगः: कर्ता (agent/subject of अभिपेदे)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महा + वेग (प्रातिपदिकम्)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समासः (महा-वेगः = महान् वेगः यस्य); पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (nominative singular masculine) — subject

• प्रसह्य: forcibly, violently
• प्रसह्य: क्रियाविशेषण (manner adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र + सह् (धातुः) → प्रसह्य (ल्यप्/तुमुन्-समकक्ष अव्यय-रूपम्)
• Form: अव्ययम् (क्रियाविशेषणम्): "forcibly/violently" (usage as adverb)

• प्रघसः: Praghasa
• प्रघसः: कर्ता (apposition to महावेगः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रघस (प्रातिपदिकम्) [राक्षस-नाम]
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (nominative singular masculine) — proper noun

• हरिम्: the monkey/vanara (Hanuman)
• हरिम्: कर्म (object of अभिपेदे)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हरि (प्रातिपदिकम्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे द्वितीया-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (accusative singular masculine) — object

• भासकर्णः: Bhāsakarṇa
• भासकर्णः: कर्ता (co-subject with प्रघसः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भास + कर्ण (प्रातिपदिके)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष-समासः (भासस्य कर्णः/भासकर्णः इति नाम); पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (nominative singular masculine) — proper noun

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (coordination)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (निपातः)
• Form: अव्ययम् (समुच्चय-बोधकः conjunction)

• सङ्कृद्धः: enraged, angry
• सङ्कृद्धः: कर्ता (qualifier of subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सम् + क्रुध् (धातुः) → सङ्कृद्ध (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिकम्, क्त-प्रत्ययः)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्तः भूतकर्मणि/भावे कृदन्तः; पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (nominative singular masculine) — adjective qualifying भासकर्णः

• शूलम्: trident, spear
• शूलम्: कर्म (object of ādāya)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शूल (प्रातिपदिकम्)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे द्वितीया-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (accusative singular neuter) — object of ādāya

• आदाय: having taken, lifting
• आदाय: पूर्वकालक्रिया (absolutive; prior action)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ + दा (धातुः) → आदाय (ल्यप्/क्त्वा-समकक्ष अव्यय-रूपम्)
• Form: ल्यप्-प्रत्ययान्तम् अव्ययम् (gerund): "having taken/lifted"

• वीर्यवान्: valiant, powerful
• वीर्यवान्: कर्ता (qualifier of subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वीर्यवत् (प्रातिपदिकम्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (nominative singular masculine) — adjective qualifying भासकर्णः

Context

Finding all the three generals dead, swift Praghasa advanced towards the Vanara and attacked him. Valiant Bhasakarna also lifted a trident and attacked him. Both were famous for swift and violent action in war

Characters & Entities

• Hanumān
• Praghasa
• Bhāsakarṇa
• Śūla (trident)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The repeated verse reinforces the cautionary theme: anger and violent escalation are signs of adharma, whereas dharma requires restraint and alignment with truth.

What is the narrative situation?

A repeated transmission of the same battle-moment: Praghasa and Bhāsakarṇa move to attack Hanumān after earlier losses.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Hanumān’s steadfastness is emphasized indirectly by the continued need for enemies to send stronger attackers against him.